A Novel Fabrication of Hematite Nanoparticles via Recycling of Titanium Slag by Pyrite Reduction Technology.

An enormous quantity of titanium slag has caused not merely serious environment pollution, but also a huge waste of iron and sulfur resources. Hence, recycling iron and sulfur resources from titanium slag has recently been an urgent problem. Herein, hematite nanoparticles were fabricated through a pyrite reduction approach using as-received titanium slag as the iron source and pyrite as the reducing agent in an nitrogen atmosphere.

Environmental-friendly and effectively regenerate anode material of spent lithium-ion batteries into high-performance P-doped graphite.

Recycling graphitefrom spentlithium-ionbatteries has been largely ignored.In the present work, we propose a novel purification process, which modifies the structure of graphite through phosphoric acid leaching-calcination to obtain high-performance phosphorus (P)-doped graphite (LG-temperature) and lithium phosphate products. The content analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope focused ion beam (SEM-FIB) indicates that the LG structure is deformed by the doped P atom.

FeO@C Nanoparticles Synthesized by In Situ Solid-Phase Method for Removal of Methylene Blue.

FeO@C nanoparticles were prepared by an in situ, solid-phase reaction, without any precursor, using FeSO, FeS, and PVP K30 as raw materials. The nanoparticles were utilized to decolorize high concentrations methylene blue (MB). The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles was 18.

Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by ZnCo Fe O loaded on rice hull carbon for degrading bisphenol A.

A new low-cost composite of ZnCo Fe O loaded on rice hull carbon (ZnCo Fe O-RHC) was synthesized waste ferrous sulfate (the industrial waste produced in the process of producing titanium dioxide) and rice hull as raw materials, which was applied for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by heterogeneous activated peroxodisulfate (PS). A series of characterizations including XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET analysis were carried out to analyze the structure and morphology of the materials. It is confirmed that the ZnCo Fe O-RHC composites show better catalytic activity and performance than other control samples, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe and Co, ZnCo Fe O and RHC based on these analyses.

A low-cost solvent-free method to synthesize α-FeO nanoparticles with applications to degrade methyl orange in photo-fenton system.

Hematite nanoparticles (α-FeO NPs) were successfully synthesized by a low-cost solvent-free reaction using Ferrous sulfate waste (FeSO·7HO) and pyrite (FeS) as raw materials and employed for the decolorization of Methyl Orange by the photo-Fenton system. The properties of α-FeO NPs before and after photo-Fenton reaction were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the optical properties of α-FeO NPs were analyzed by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The analytic results showed that the as-formed samples having an average diameter of ~50 nm exhibit pure phase hematite with sphere structure.

Chromium (VI) adsorption from wastewater using porous magnetite nanoparticles prepared from titanium residue by a novel solid-phase reduction method.

Porous magnetite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by reduction of titanium residue with pyrite under nitrogen protection, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of porous magnetite nanoparticles with single spinel structure. The SEM image demonstrated that porous magnetite nanoparticles displayed spherical shape with the average diameter of ~51nm.

[Display cellulolytic enzymes on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface by using Flo1p as an anchor protein for cellulosic ethanol production].

In this study, we constructed a yeast consortium surface-display expression system by using Flo1 as an anchor protein. Endoglucanase II (EGII) and cellobiohydrolase II (CBHII) from Trichoderma reesei, and β3-glucosidase 1 (BGLI) from Aspergillus aculeatus were immobilized on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5. We constructed the cellulose-displaying expression yeast consortium (Y5/fEGII:Y5/fCBHII:Y5/fBGLI = 1:1:1) and investigated the enzymatic ability and ethanol fermentation.

Pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase overexpression in Escherichia coli resulted in high ethanol production and rewired metabolic enzyme networks.

Pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase are efficient enzymes for ethanol production in Zymomonas mobilis. These two enzymes were over-expressed in Escherichia coli, a promising candidate for industrial ethanol production, resulting in high ethanol production in the engineered E. coli.

Combined process for ethanol fermentation at high-solids loading and biogas digestion from unwashed steam-exploded corn stover.

A combined process was designed for the co-production of ethanol and methane from unwashed steam-exploded corn stover. A terminal ethanol titer of 69.8 g/kg mass weight (72.

Comparative proteomic analysis of a new adaptive Pichia Stipitis strain to furfural, a lignocellulosic inhibitory compound.

The development of inhibitor-tolerant ethanologenic yeast is one of the most significant challenges facing bio-ethanol production. Adaptation of Pichia stipitis to inhibitors is one of the most efficient ways for dealing with inhibitor problems. The molecular mechanisms involved in the tolerance and adaptation of P.

[Development and application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell-surface display for bioethanol production].

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is useful as a host for genetic engineering, since it allows the folding and glycosylation of expressed heterologous eukaryotic proteins and can be subjected to many genetic manipulations. Recent advancements in the yeast cell surface engineering developed strategies to genetically immobilize amylolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes on yeast cell surface for the production of fuel ethanol from biomass. We reviewed the basic principle and progress of S.

Screening and characteristics of a butanol-tolerant strain and butanol production from enzymatic hydrolysate of NaOH-pretreated corn stover.

As a gasoline substitute, butanol has advantages over traditional fuel ethanol in terms of energy density and hydroscopicity. However, solvent production appeared limited by butanol toxicity. The strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum was subjected to mutation by mutagen of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine for 0.

Ethanol Production from Nondetoxified Dilute-Acid Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate by Cocultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5 and Pichia stipitis CBS6054.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5 (CGMCC no. 2660) and Issatchenkia orientalis Y4 (CGMCC no. 2159) were combined individually with Pichia stipitis CBS6054 to establish the cocultures of Y5 + CBS6054 and Y4 + CBS6054.

Soaking pretreatment of corn stover for bioethanol production followed by anaerobic digestion process.

The production of ethanol and methane from corn stover (CS) was investigated in a biorefinery process. Initially, a novel soaking pretreatment (NaOH and aqueous-ammonia) for CS was developed to remove lignin, swell the biomass, and improve enzymatic digestibility. Based on the sugar yield during enzymatic hydrolysis, the optimal pretreatment conditions were 1 % NaOH+8 % NH(4)OH, 50°C, 48 h, with a solid-to-liquid ratio 1:10.

Evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5 for ethanol production from enzymatic hydrolysate of non-detoxified steam-exploded corn stover.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5 was used to produce ethanol from enzymatic hydrolysate of non-detoxified steam-exploded corn stover, with and without a nitrogen source, and decreasing inoculum size. The results indicated that the ethanol concentration of 44.55 g/L, corresponding to 94.

Ethanol production from the enzymatic hydrolysis of non-detoxified steam-exploded corn stalk.

To reduce water consumption and equipment investment, and simplify the technological process, a Pichia stipitis-adapted strain with improved tolerance against inhibitors and ethanol was used in ethanol production. The steam-exploded corn stalk was directly enzymatically hydrolyzed without detoxification, and then the enzymatic hydrolysate was used as the fermentation substrate. Results from laboratory experiments in shake flasks and fermentation tanks indicated that, after fermentation for 48 h, ethanol concentration reached to 43.

[Evaluation of the activities of two promoters in Streptomycetes by reporter gene method].

Objective: The mutated promoter of the erythromycin resistance gene (PermE *) is a strong promoter generally used in streptomycetes, and we evaluated the expression activities of a new promoter (Psf) and PermE * in Streptomycetes.

Methods: We used kanamycin resistance gene(neo) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene (xylE) as reporters.

Results: Both promoters exhibited high level of promoter activities in Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL3585, Streptomyces coelicolor M145, Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 and Streptomyces lividans TK54.

Yeast strains for ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates during in situ detoxification.

Yeast strains Y1, Y4 and Y7 demonstrated high conversion efficiencies for sugars and high abilities to tolerate or metabolize inhibitors in dilute-acid lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Strains Y1 and Y4 completely consumed the glucose within 24 h in dilute-acid lignocellulosic hydrolysate during in situ detoxification, and the maximum ethanol yields reached 0.49 g and 0.

[Construction and evaluation of DnaB split intein high expression vector and a six amino acids cyclic peptide library].

A library with potential to produce six amino acids cyclic peptides was prepared using pET-28a as the starting plasmid. pVmut was used to amplify the Int(C)-dnaB-N-Int(N) fragment that was inserted into pET28a to give pEV. On pEV, DnaB split intein was expressed under the strong T7 promoter.

Strain construction for ethanol production from dilute-acid lignocellulosic hydrolysate.

In order to construct a strain that converts sugar mixture and resist/metabolize inhibitors in lignocellulosic dilute-acid hydrolysate, the biotechnology of inactive intergeneric fusion between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilis was performed. Fusant 1 was successfully obtained as a hybrid strain, which was screened out by xylose and mixed sugar (xylose and glucose) fermentation. This strain showed good abilities of ethanol production, ethanol tolerance, and resistance to the toxic inhibitors presenting in the hydrolysate.

Construction of a recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing a fusion protein and study on the effect of converting xylose and glucose to ethanol.

Gene XYL1 from Candida shehatae and gene XYL2 from Pichia stipitis were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the two genes were both placed under the strong promoter of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of plasmid pAD2 to produce the recombinant expression vector pAD2-P12. Because the amplified XYL1 fragment lacks the stop codon UAA, the polypeptide expressed in yeast cells should be a fusion protein, which is a fusion of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase. Subsequently, the pAD2-P12 vector was transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS58 to produce a recombinant S.

Ethanol production from dilute-Acid softwood hydrolysate by co-culture.

Dilute-acid softwood hydrolysate, with glucose and xylose as the dominant sugars, was fermented to ethanol by co-cultures. The strains used include Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.535 (1#), Pachysolen tannophilis ATCC 2.

Biodegradation of biomass gasification wastewater by two species of pseudomonas using immobilized cell reactor.

An immobilized cell bioreactor with granular activated carbon as the inert material inoculated two species, Pseudomonas sp1 and Pseudomonas sp2, to degrade chemical oxygen demand (COD) and benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline in the wastewater discharging from a biomass gasification power-generation plant. The results indicated that these toxic compounds were removed efficiently. The course of the 66-d experiment was divided into three phases mainly in accordance with different influent COD concentrations: microbial adaptation and proliferation phase (from 1 to 23 d), stable metabolic phase (from 24 to 57 d), and high efficient reaction phase (from 58 to 66 d).