Effect of lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment on excess sludge and anaerobic digestion.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction. However, the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues. In this study, an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these challenges.

The role of HDAC6 in enhancing macrophage autophagy via the autophagolysosomal pathway to alleviate legionella pneumophila-induced pneumonia.

() is a prevalent pathogenic bacterium responsible for significant global health concerns. Nonetheless, the precise pathogenic mechanisms of have still remained elusive. Autophagy, a direct cellular response to infection and other pathogens, involves the recognition and degradation of these invaders in lysosomes.

Characterization of melanoidins in thermal hydrolysis sludge and effects on dewatering performance.

Thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) of sludge can form the refractory brown melanoidins due to the occurrence of the Maillard reaction, which adversely involves the subsequent sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) process. However, details of the generation pattern of melanoidins and how they affect the sludge dewaterability remain largely unknown. This work aims to determine an approach to characterize and quantify the melanoidins created by THP of sludge.

Using a combination of different conditioners to promote dewatering of digested sludge: Rheological characteristics.

The dewatering capacity of sludge is a key factor in sludge disposal and reuse. In this study, the effects of conditioning with three conditioners (polyacrylamide (PAM), poly aluminum sulfate (PAS), and sludge biochar (SAC)) and their combined conditioning effect at different doses on the dewatering performance of digested sludge were systematically investigated. The mechanism of change in dewatering performance was analyzed based on rheological principles.

The enrichment characterisation of under high DO conditions.

Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are crucial to nitrification and nitrogen elimination in wastewater treatment. Mass reports exist on the links between NOB and other microorganisms, for instance, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, a few studies exist on the enrichment characterisation of NOB under high dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions.

Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge pretreated by thermal hydrolysis and food waste: gas production, dewatering performance, and community structure.

Anaerobic co-digestion can effectively break the limitations of mono-digestion. However, there are still some problems such as long residence time, unsatisfactory methane yield, and unstable performance for co-digestion of sewage sludge (SS) and food waste (FW). Therefore, the SS in the reactor treating co-digestion of SS and FW is considered to be pretreated by thermal hydrolysis.

Effects of Iron Powder Addition and Thermal Hydrolysis on Methane Production and the Archaeal Community during the Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge.

The conventional anaerobic digestion of sludge has the disadvantages of long digestion time and low methane production. Pretreatment is often used to mitigate these problems. In this study, three pretreatment methods, namely, the addition of iron powder, high-temperature thermal hydrolysis, and a combination of these methods, were compared for application with conventional continuous anaerobic digestion reactors.

[Mechanism of histone deacetylase inhibitor tubastatin A promoting autophagy of Legionella pneumophila infected RAW264.7 cells].

Objective To investigate the role of HDAC6 in the interference of Legionella pneumophila on the autophagy of macrophages and its mechanism. Methods RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 10 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L, and 2.

Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus.

The present study aimed to examine the effects of FcγRIIB on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, lentiviral vector carrying the membrane‑bound type FcγRIIB gene (mFcγRIIB lentivirus) and soluble FcγRIIB (sFcγRIIB) protein were used to treat B cells from patients with SLE. The B cells were treated with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and anti‑calf thymus DNA‑immune complexes (anti‑ctDNA‑IC).

Effect of high-temperature thermal hydrolysis on rheological properties and dewaterability of sludge.

The disposal processes like dewatering and anaerobic digestion (AD) are commonly utilized to reduce the volume of sludge and recover energy. Thermal hydrolysis process is widely used as a pretreatment for sludge AD, which can change rheological properties and dehydration of sludge irreversibly. The experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of high-temperature thermal hydrolysis (120, 130, 145, 160 and 170°C) for 60 min on sludge rheological properties, as well as its dewaterability.

[Legionella pneumophila activates Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to inhibit autophagy of mouse RAW264.7 macrophages].

Objective To investigate the effect of Legionella pneumophila (LP) on the autophagy flux of RAW264.7 macrophages and explore the molecular mechanism of the expression changes of autophagy-related factors. Methods Live LP and inactivated LP (MOI=10, 50, 100) were separately used to affect RAW264.

Absorption, accumulation and distribution of metals and nutrient elements in poplars planted in land amended with composted sewage sludge: A field trial.

Interest in the application of sewage sludge as amendments to grow trees has continued to increase, especially for fast-growing trees such as poplars. In this study, two-year field trial was conducted to determine the effects of compost sewage sludge (CSS) soil application on the distributions of metal and nutrient elements in poplars (Populus × euramericana 'Guariento') and poplar growth. Soil was amended with one of four CSS treatments in both study years: control (2012, 2013: 0 t/ha), SS1 (2012: 7.

[Operation Characteristics of the Biofilm CANON Reactor During the Temperature Reduction Process].

The focus of this paper, was low temperature, high ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The operation characteristics of the biofilm CANON process during the temperature reduction process were determined, by continuously adjusting different operating conditions. The aim was to explore the methods needed for the CANON process to obtain stable shortcut nitrification and a good nitrogen removal effect, when the influent NH-N concentration is high and the temperature low.

A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of celosin A in rat plasma with application to pharmacokinetic study.

Celosin A (CA), a natural compound isolated from Celosia argentea L., has been shown significant hepatoprotective effect on AHNP-induced liver injury. This study described a rapid and sensitive ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay for determination of CA in rat plasma.

[Optimization of the Mainstream Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Process and Its Changes of the Microbial Community].

The completely autotrophic ammonium removal over nitrite(CANON)biofilm reactor acclimated by high-strength ammonia wastewater was used to treat low-strength ammonia wastewater. The treatment can be divided into three stages:① the nitrogen removal efficiency of anaerobic ammonia oxidation was low during the continuous aeration stage with inorganic wastewater as raw water (0-59 d) and with an aeration amount of 30 mL·min and ammonia concentration of 80 mg·L (until day 56), the TN removal load was only 0.13 kg·(m·d); ② during the continuous aeration stage with domestic wastewater as raw water (60-110 d), the addition of organic carbon improved the TN removal load to 0.

[Impact of C/N Ratio on Nitrogen Removal Performance and NO Release of Granular Sludge CANON Reactor].

To Explore a suitable C/N ratio for efficient nitrogen removal and simultaneously achieving NO release reduction, ammonia-rich wastewater with sodium acetate as an organic carbon source in a granular sludge completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) reactor under different C/N water conditions were studied to determine the reactor's nitrogen removal performance and NO release. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) removal rate and the removal load tended to increase gradually with the increase of C/N, ranging from 0 to 2.0.

[MOMP of Legionella inhibits phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages and enhances their chemotaxis by activating NOD2/RIP2 signaling pathway].

Objective To investigate the effect of the main outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Legionella on the phagocytosis and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 macrophages and explore its mechanism. Methods MOMP and RAW264.

[Recombinant Legionella pneumophila flagella protein A (rflaA) induces the secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells in vitro].

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant Legionella pneumophila flagella protein A (rflaA) on the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by RAW264.7 macrophage and the possible mechanism. Methods RAW264.

[Chemotherapy increases FcγRⅡB content in peripheral blood of the patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma].

Objective: To detect the FcγRⅡB content of monocytes and B cells,the concentration of soluble FcγRⅡB( s FcγRⅡB) and its antibodies in the peripheral blood of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma( LSCC) before and after chemotherapy.

Methods: The expression and localization of FcγR Ⅱ B on monocytes and B cells were detected by immunofluorescence technique; the expression of FcγR Ⅱ B mRNA was examined by quantitative real-time PCR; Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of FcγRⅡB protein; the serum concentrations of s FcγRⅡB,s FcγRⅡB-Ig G complex,anti-FcγRⅡB autoantibody were determined by ELISA.

Results: The expression of FcγRⅡB on monocytes and B cells,the total s FcγRⅡB and anti-FcγRⅡB antibody content in the sera of LSCC patients were lower than those in healthy volunteers.

[Preparation of human soluble FcepsilonR1α and detection of serum FcepsilonR1α antibodies in patients with allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To induce the expression of human soluble Fc epsilon receptor I alpha (sFcepsilonR1α) in a prokaryotic expression vector, purify the recombinant human sFcepsilonR1α protein, detect its binding affinity for human serum IgE antibodies and detect the levels of sFcepsilonR1α, sFcepsilonR1α-IgE and FcepsilonR1α antibodies.

Methods: The FcepsilonR1α extracellular region gene was amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was expressed in a prokaryotic expression vector pET-sFcepsilonR1α using recombinant DNA technology under optimal conditions. The human sFcepsilonR1α protein was purified using iminodiacetic acid (IDA) His binding resin and identified using Western blotting.

[Up-regulated expression of FcγRIIB inhibits phagocytosis and chemotaxis of macrophages].

Objective: To construct an inducible lentivirus vector of FcγRIIB and observe its effect on rat macrophages.

Methods: FcγRIIB gene fragment was obtained from rat liver mRNA as the template by reverse transcription PCR, and then cloned into tetracycline response element (TRE) plasmid to establish recombinant plasmid TRE-FcγRIIB. Lentiviral packaging plasmid was transfected into HEK293T cells together with the recombinant plasmid TRE-FcγRIIB and Tet plasmid, respectively.

A new ELISA method for serological diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila: use of five purified proteins, FLA, MOMP, MIP, IP, and PILE, as diagnostic antigen.

Background: Legionella pneumophila plays an important role in human infection. Commercial ELISA kits commonly used, which take Legionella pneumophila whole-cell protein as the coating antigen, often have cross-reactivity among serogroups or species. In this study, five Legionella pneumophila proteins FLA, MOMP, MIP, IP, and PILE were purified and further applied in serological diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila infections compared with R & D Legionella ELISA kits.

Applications of Legionella pneumophila protein FLA and PILE in serological diagnosis.

Background: Serological testing for antibody against Legionella pneumophila (LP) is often the primary method of screening for possible Lp infections.

Methods: This study is an attempt to use the Lp protein FLA and PILE as coating antigen for ELISA. First, the coding sequences of the two proteins were cloned into the pET32a(+) vectors.

[Preparation of lentivirus containing human FcγRIIB gene and FcγRIIB expression in HT-1080 cells].

Objective: To construct a lentiviral expression vector for FcγRIIB and identify its expression in HT-1080 cells.

Methods: FcγRIIB gene fragment was obtained using reverse transcription with human mRNA as the template, and then was cloned into TRE lentiviral expression plasmid to construct the lentiviral expression recombinant plasmid TRE-FcγRIIB. The recombinant plasmid TRE-FcγRIIB and lentiviral inducible plasmid Tet were transfected into HEK293T cells respectively with lentivirus packaging mix plasmids to pack the expression lentivirus and inducible lentivirus.