Prevalence of lipophilic phycotoxins with different forms in the benthic environments of a typical mariculture bay.

Lipophilic phycotoxins (LPTs) are toxic and lipophilic secondary metabolites produced by toxic microalgae, which pose a serious threat to marine shellfish culture industries. LPTs were systematically investigated in bottom seawater, suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediment, and sediment porewater of Laizhou Bay, a typical mariculture bay in China, to understand the chemical diversity and environment behaviors of LPTs in the benthic environments. Okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), azaspiracid-2 (AZA2), gymnodimine (GYM), pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX2 SA), 7-epi- pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (7-epi-PTX2 SA), 13-desmethylspirolide C (SPX1), yessotoxin (YTX) and homo YTX (h-YTX) were detected in the benthic environment of Laizhou Bay in spring, indicating that LPTs are rich in chemical diversity.

Assessing the Impact of Frailty on Infection Risk in Older Adults: Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability and are recognized as a major cause of health loss globally. At the same time, frailty as a geriatric syndrome is a rapidly growing major public health problem. However, few studies have investigated the incidence and risk of infectious diseases in frail older people.

Spatiotemporal distribution, risk levels, and transport variations in neonicotinoids and fipronil and its metabolites cross a river-to-sea continuum.

Neonicotinoids (NEOs) and fipronil are widely used in pest control, but their spatiotemporal distribution and risk levels in the "river-estuary-bay" system remain unclear. Between 2018 and 2021, 148 water samples from rivers to inshore and offshore seawater in Laizhou Bay, China were collected to investigate the presence of eight NEOs and fipronil and its metabolites (FIPs). Significant seasonal variations in NEOs were observed under the influence of different cultivation practices and climatic conditions, with higher levels in the summer than in the spring.

The ciliate is resistant to Paralytic Shellfish Toxins from (Dinophyceae).

Research on interactions between grazers and toxigenic algae is fundamental for understanding toxin dynamics within aquatic ecosystems and developing biotic approaches to mitigate harmful algal blooms. The dinoflagellate is a well-known microalga responsible for paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) contamination in many coastal regions worldwide. This study investigated the impact of the ciliate on cell density and PSTs transfer in simulated blooms under controlled conditions.

Spatiotemporal variations of domoic acid: New findings in the sedimentary environment of a typical nearshore mariculture bay, China.

Domoic acid (DA) is a neurotoxin produced by marine microalgae. It tends to accumulate in marine shellfish and fish, posing a threat to aquaculture and seafood consumers' health. In this study, DA in the surface and bottom seawater, sediment, and porewater of the Jiaozhou Bay, a typical mariculture bay in China, was systematically investigated for the first time over different seasons.

The association of cognitive function and its changes with all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older adults.

Background: The association of cognitive function, its changes, and all-cause mortality has not reached a consensus, and the independence of the association between changes in cognitive function and mortality remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal association between baseline cognitive function and cognitive changes over 1 year with subsequent all-cause mortality among the older adults aged 60 and above.

Methods: A prospective cohort study utilizing the Community Older Adults Health Survey data.

Occurrence and phase distribution of lipophilic marine algal toxins in the bottom boundary layer and sediment-porewater system of two mariculture sites.

To date, understanding the fate of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in benthic environments on which cultivated shellfish depend is still limited. In this work, the occurrence, concentration levels, and phase distributions of LMATs in the benthic environments of two mariculture sites (Sishili and Rongcheng Bays) in China were investigated for the first time. Five LMATs: okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), gymnodimine, 13-desmethyl spirolide C, and azaspiracid-2 (AZA2) and three derivatives: dinophysistoxin-1 isomer (DTX1-iso), pectenotoxin-2 seco acid, and 7-epi- pectenotoxin-2 seco acid were detected in different environmental samples.

Cholesterol alone or in combination is associated with frailty among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Biological markers contribute to the precise intervention across the continuum of frailty severity. Few studies have explored the advantages of biological markers collected as part of primary care data among community-dwelling older adult population and controversy remains regarding the classic biological markers for frailty.

Methods: We recruited a total of 8791 adults with a mean age of 71.

A Novel Metabolite as a Hapten to Prepare Monoclonal Antibodies for Rapid Screening of Quinoxaline Drug Residues.

Quinoxalines (Qx) are chemically synthesized antibacterial drugs with strong antibacterial and growth-promoting effects. Qx is heavily abused by farmers, resulting in large residues in animal-derived foods, which pose a serious threat to human health. Desoxyquinoxalines (DQx), which have the highest residue levels, have been identified as the major toxicant and have become a new generation of residue markers.

Regulation of Cat8 in energy metabolic balance and glucose tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cat8 is a C6 zinc cluster transcription activator in yeast. It is generally recognized that the transcription of CAT8 is inhibited and that Cat8 is inactive in the presence of high concentrations of glucose. However, our recent study found that constitutively overexpressed Cat8 played a regulatory role in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of 20 g/L glucose.

Enhancement of β-Caryophyllene Biosynthesis in via Synergistic Evolution of β-Caryophyllene Synthase and Engineering the Chassis.

β-Caryophyllene is a plant-derived bicyclic sesquiterpene with multiple biological functions. β-Caryophyllene production by engineered represents a promising technological route. However, the low catalytic activity of β-caryophyllene synthase (CPS) is one of the main restrictive factors for β-caryophyllene production.

Trace determination of multiple hydrophilic cyanotoxins in freshwater by off- and on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Hydrophilic cyanotoxins (HCTs), such as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), anatoxin-a (ATX-a), and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are highly toxic and toxin-producing algae are widely distributed worldwide. However, HCTs, especially PSTs, are rarely reported in freshwater due to analytical limitations. This may result in an underestimation of the ecological risks and health risks.

Cat8 Response to Nutritional Changes and Interaction With Ehrlich Pathway Related Factors.

Cat8 is an important transcription factor regulating the utilization of non-fermentative carbon sources in . However, our previous studies found that Cat8 may play a critical role in nitrogen metabolism, but the regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, the nuclear localization and analysis of regulatory activity showed that the Cat8 function relies on Snf1 kinase.

Spatial distribution, vertical profiles and transport of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Indian Ocean.

The contamination status and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the seawater of the Indian Ocean (IO) and an adjacent subregion of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) were investigated. Eight legacy PFASs were widely distributed in the surface seawater, and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the two predominant PFASs. ΣPFAS concentration decreased in the following order: NWPO>Joining area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Oceans (JAIPO)>Northeast Indian Ocean>Southwest Indian Ocean.

Enhancement of Intracellular Accumulation of Copper by Biogenesis of Lipid Droplets in Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis.

Copper is an essential micronutrient for life, whose homeostasis is rigorously regulated to meet the demands of normal biological processes and to minimize the potential toxicity. Copper enriched by yeast is regarded as a safe and bioavailable form of copper supplements. Here, a mutant strain H247 with expanded storage capability of copper was obtained through atmospheric and room-temperature plasma treatment.

Enhancing fluxes through the mevalonate pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by engineering the HMGR and β-alanine metabolism.

Mevalonate (MVA) pathway is the core for terpene and sterol biosynthesis, whose metabolic flux influences the synthesis efficiency of such compounds. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive chassis for the native active MVA pathway. Here, the truncated form of Enterococcus faecalis MvaE with only 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity was found to be the most effective enzyme for MVA pathway flux using squalene as the metabolic marker, resulting in 431-fold and 9-fold increases of squalene content in haploid and industrial yeast strains respectively.

Whole Genome Sequencing and RNA-seq-Driven Discovery of New Targets That Affect Carotenoid Synthesis in .

Carotenoids are unsaturated compounds with terpene groups. Among them, astaxanthin has strong antioxidant properties. It is widely used in aquaculture, food, medicine, and cosmetics with a broad market prospect.

Rising CO will increase toxicity of marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum.

Ocean acidification caused by increasing emission of carbon dioxide (CO) is expected to have profound impacts on marine ecological processes, including the formation and evolution of harmful algal blooms (HABs). We designed a set of experiments in the laboratory to examine the effects of increasing CO on the growth and toxicity of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum producing paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). It was found that high levels of CO (800 and 1200 ppm) significantly promoted the growth of A.

Enhancement of Copper Uptake of Yeast Through Systematic Optimization of Medium and the Cultivation Process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Copper is an essential trace element for living organisms. Copper enriched by yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regarded as the biologically available organic copper supplement with great potentiality for application. However, the lower uptake ratio of copper ions makes the production of copper enriched by yeast uneconomically and environmentally unfriendly.

Engineering of cis-Element in for Efficient Accumulation of Value-Added Compound Squalene via Downregulation of the Downstream Metabolic Flux.

Transcriptional downregulation is widely used for metabolic flux control. Here, , a cis-element of operator, was explored to engineer promoters of for downregulation. First, the promoter (P) and its enhanced variant P were engineered by insertion of into different sites, which resulted in decrease in both transcription and GFP fluorescence intensity to various degrees.