Association of histone modification with the development of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, may involve epigenetic alterations, notably histone modifications, in its pathogenesis. This review summarizes various histone modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, serotonylation, lactylation, palmitoylation, and dopaminylation, and their implications in schizophrenia. Current research predominantly focuses on histone acetylation and methylation, though other modifications also play significant roles.

miR2118 Negatively Regulates Bacterial Blight Resistance through Targeting Several Disease Resistance Genes in Rice.

Plant miRNAs are a class of noncoding RNA with a length of 21-24 nt that play an important role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacterial blight (BB) caused by pv. () is one of the most serious bacterial diseases in rice.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Tomato Fruit Quality and Identification of Volatile Compounds.

Tomatoes () are the most valuable vegetable crop in the world. This study identified the morphological characteristics, vitamin content, etc., from 15 tomato varieties in total, that included five each from the three experimental types, during the commercial ripening period.

Magnetic bead-based separation of sperm cells from semen-vaginal fluid mixed stains using an anti-ACRBP antibody.

Forensic DNA analysis of semen-vaginal fluid mixed stains is essential and necessary in sexual assault cases. Here, we used a magnetic bead conjugated acrosin binding protein (ACRBP) antibody to separate and enrich sperm cells from mixed stains. Previously, western blotting indicated that ACRBP was specifically expressed in sperm cells, but not in female blood and epithelial cells, while immunofluorescence data showed ACRBP was localized to the acrosome in sperm cells.

Mechanism of viscosity reduction of okra pectic polysaccharide by ascorbic acid.

In this work, effects of ascorbic acid (AH) treatment on the viscosity and structural properties of okra pectic polysaccharide (OPP) and its mechanism were investigated. Results showed that AH could decrease the apparent viscosity of OPP, and the reducing ability was promoted by high temperature and the addition of Fe, Cu or HO. The molecular weight was significantly decreased with increasing AH concentration, but it had little effects on the monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages, infrared characteristics, and morphology of OPP after AH incubation.

Ketamine enhances dopamine D1 receptor expression by modulating microRNAs in a ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like mouse model.

The abnormal expression of the dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) may be associated with schizophrenia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate DRD1 expression. Here, we established a ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior mouse model and investigated the changes in miR-15a-3p, miR-15b-3p, miR-16-1-3p, and DRD1 in response to ketamine.

Histogenous Hypoxia and Acid Retention in Schizophrenia: Changes in Venous Blood Gas Analysis and SOD in Acute and Stable Schizophrenia Patients.

Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCH), and there is considerable indirect evidence that hypoxia is closely related to SCH, but direct evidence of hypoxia in SCH has never been found. In this study, superoxide dismutase (SOD), venous blood gas, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were examined in 40 SCH patients and compared with those of 40 healthy controls. The patients were treated with combination of atypical antipsychotics and Ditan Huayu Lishen decoction (a Chinese medicine decoction) and examined in the acute and stable period, respectively.

Structural Properties, Bioactivities, and Applications of Polysaccharides from Okra [ (L.) Moench]: A Review.

Okra [ (L.) Moench], as a kind of nutritive vegetable, is rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, amino acids, and other bioactive substances and has various biological activities. As one of main bioactive components, okra polysaccharides (OPs), mainly comprising pectic polysaccharides, have various biological activities.

NCAPG2 facilitates glioblastoma cells' malignancy and xenograft tumor growth via HBO1 activation by phosphorylation.

NCAPG2 (non-SMC condensin II complex subunit G2), as an important factor in cell mitosis, has been the focus in the study of different cancers. However, the role of NCAPG2 in the malignancy of glioblastoma cells remains unknown. The findings from the present study demonstrated that NCAPG2 was significantly increased in human glioblastoma tissues and was associated with poor clinical outcome.

Deriving rabbit embryonic stem cells by small molecule inhibitors.

We previously developed pluripotent rabbit embryonic stem cells (rbES) using a culture system supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), noggin and Y-27632 (referred to as iFLY). In present work, we explored multiple approaches to enhance the chance of deriving domed pluripotent rbES cells by inhibition of MEK, GSK, and PKC signaling pathways. Domed stated rbES were derived in defined medium supplemented with 15% KOSR, 10 IU/mL mouse LIF, 10 ng/mL bFGF and three inhibitors to the MEK (PD0325901, 1 µM), GSK3 (CHIR99021, 3 µM) and PKC (Gö6983, 5 µM) (3i).

MMP-9 secreted by tumor associated macrophages promoted gastric cancer metastasis through a PI3K/AKT/Snail pathway.

Purpose: The distant metastasis in gastric has become an obstacle for treatment in clinic. However, the underlying mechanism is not well illustrated. Here, our aim is to reveal the mechanism and try to explore the potential strategy to overcome the distant metastasis.

ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 maintains the propagation and characteristics of hair follicle stem cells.

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are an important source for skin tissue engineering studies and clinical applications. Here, we describe a differential enrichment approach to derive HFSCs from hair follicles of vibrissae and ear skin using the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632. In the presence of Y-27632, primary cultured hair follicle cells grew in clustered colonies surrounded by keratinocyte-like cells and simultaneously expressed three HFSC markers: CD34, K15, and ITGB1.

Synergistic effect of cysteamine, leukemia inhibitory factor, and Y27632 on goat oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro.

Goat oocyte in vitro maturation is associated with a variable efficiency of embryo development after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Here, we developed a novel maturation procedure to evaluate the cellular effect of cysteamine (Cys), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Y27632 on oocyte in vitro maturation in native Chinese Yangtze river white goats. Oocytes were collected by slicing ovary tissues and matured for 24 h in vitro prior to IVF.

Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified TPGS polymeric micelles for hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted therapy.

In this study, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-modified D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) polymeric micelles (TGA PMs) were developed for the delivery of etoposide (ETO) to hepatoma cells. GA was incorporated as a ligand because of its high affinity to the hepatocytes, while TPGS functioned as a P-gp inhibitor to reverse multidrug resistance. ETO-loaded TGA PMs (ETO-TGA PMs) displayed a mean particle size of 133.

Amino-functionalized nano-vesicles for enhanced anticancer efficacy and reduced myelotoxicity of carboplatin.

Carboplatin is one of the few platinum-based antitumor drugs used worldwide. Unfortunately, systemic carboplatin therapy is limited by its dose-related myelosuppression. In this study, a viable way to reduce the serious myelotoxicity of carboplatin while improving its therapeutic efficacy using amino-functionalized polyphosphazene vesicles is reported.

Lactobionic acid-conjugated TPGS nanoparticles for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of etoposide against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Many effective anti-cancer drugs have limited use in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy due to the drug resistance mechanisms in liver cells. In recent years, tumor-targeted drug delivery and the inhibition of drug-resistance-related mechanisms has become an integrated strategy for effectively combating chemo-resistant cancer. Herein, lactobionic acid-conjugated d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS-LA conjugate) has been developed as a potential asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-targeted nanocarrier and an efficient inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to enhance etoposide (ETO) efficacy against HCC.

Electroneutral composite polymersomes self-assembled by amphiphilic polyphosphazenes for effective miR-200c in vivo delivery to inhibit drug resistant lung cancer.

MiR-200c has been confirmed to display remarkable effects on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of certain cancer cells, but the main challenge for its successful translation into the clinic remains its effective delivery to the action site in vivo. In this study, a novel composite polyphosphazene vesicle system composed of amphiphilic [NP(PEG)0.3(EAB)1.

Cationic Polyphosphazene Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy by Efficient in Vivo Cytokine IL-12 Plasmid Delivery.

To circumvent the severe toxicity of the systemic delivery of IL-12 protein and the limits of local administration of IL-12 gene, we constructed a polymersome system for systemic delivery of recombinant murine IL-12 plasmid (pmIL-12) based on amphiphilic polyphosphazenes containing weakly cationic N,N-diisopropylethylenediamine (DPA) as hydrophobic groups and monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) as hydrophilic tails. By simple dialysis method, pmIL-12 was successfully loaded into polymersomes due to the combination effect of physical encapsulation and electrostatic interaction. This pmIL-12 polymersome delivery system was validated with good biocompatibility and stability despite of serum protein and DNase challenging.

CTRP6 inhibits fibrogenesis in TGF-β1-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts.

Skin fibrosis is characterized by excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM). C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 6 (CTRP6), a member of CTRPs, has been involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis. However, the function and detailed regulatory mechanism of CTRP6 in skin fibrosis remain unclear.

Efficient generation of FVII gene knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease and truncated guided RNAs.

We investigated the effects of 5'-end truncated CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease (tru-RGN, 17/18 nucleotides) on genome editing capability in NIH/3T3 cells, and its efficiencies on generating Factor VII (FVII) gene-knockout (KO) mice. In cultured cells, RGNs on-target editing activity had been varied when gRNAs was truncated, higher at Site Two (tF7-2 vs. F7-2, 49.