Lipidomic Comparisons of Whole Cream Buttermilk Whey and Cheese Whey Cream Buttermilk of Caprine Milk.

Buttermilk is a potential material for the production of a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and can be mainly classified into two types: whole cream buttermilk and cheese whey cream buttermilk (WCB). Due to the high casein micelle content of whole cream buttermilk, the removal of casein micelles to improve the purity of MFGM materials is always required. This study investigated the effects of rennet and acid coagulation on the lipid profile of buttermilk rennet-coagulated whey (BRW) and buttermilk acid-coagulated whey (BAW) and compared them with WCB.

Proteomic Comparisons of Caprine Milk Whole Cream Buttermilk Whey and Cheese Whey Cream Buttermilk.

Buttermilk, a potential material used to produce milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), is obtained as a byproduct of butter making from milk whole cream and cheese whey cream. This study investigated the effects of rennet and acid coagulation on the protein profiles of buttermilk rennet-coagulated whey (BRW) and buttermilk acid-coagulated whey (BAW). They were compared to those of whey cream buttermilk (WCB).

Inhibition of starch digestion by phenolic acids with a cinnamic acid backbone: Structural requirements for the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase.

This study investigated the inhibition mechanism of cinnamic acid-based phenolic acids (cinnamic acid: CIA, 3,4-dimethoxy cinnamic acid: 3,4-mCIA, caffeic acid: CA, ferulic acid: FA) on starch digestion. CA, FA, and 3,4-mCIA contributed to reducing the rapidly digested starch content and increasing the resistant starch content. The enzyme activity inhibition results responded that the four phenolic acids inhibited α-amylase activity better than α-glucosidase.

Differentiated digestion resistance and physicochemical properties of linear and α-1,2/α-1,3 branched isomaltodextrins prepared by 4,6-α-glucanotransferase and branching sucrases.

Isomaltodextrins (IMDs) are starch-based dietary fibers (DF) prepared enzymatically, which show great potential as a functional food ingredient. In this study, a series of novel IMDs with diverse structures were generated by 4,6-α-glucanotransferase GtfBΔN from Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCC 3057, combined with two α-1,2 and α-1,3 branching sucrases. Results indicated that α-1,2 and α-1,3 branching significantly improved the DF contents of α-1,6 linear products up to 60.

Structural characterization of slow digestion dextrin synthesized by a combination of α-glucosidase and cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and its prebiotic potential on the gut microbiota in vitro.

Starch-based dietary fibers are at the forefront of functional ingredient research. In this study, a novel water-soluble slow digestion dextrin (SDD) was synthesized by synergy of α-glucosidase and cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and characterized. Results showed that SDD exhibited high solubility, low viscosity, and resistance to digestive enzymes, and also showed an increased dietary fiber content of 45.

Enhancing 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid synthesis by weakening the acceptor specificity of CGTase toward glucose and maltose.

2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is a stable derivative of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), which has been widely used in food and cosmetics industries. Sugar molecules, such as glucose and maltose produced by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) during AA-2G synthesis may compete with L-AA as the acceptors, resulting in low AA-2G yield. Multiple sequence alignment combined with structural simulation analysis indicated that residues at positions 191 and 255 of CGTase may be responsible for the difference in substrate specificity.

Alleviating vacuolar transport improves cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei.

Increasing cellulase production in cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei is of interest for biofuels and biorefineries. Previous studies indicated that secreted protein was occasionally accumulated in vacuoles; this phenomenon has also been reported in T. reesei.

Gastrointestinal digestibility of micellar casein dispersions: Effects of caprine vs bovine origin, and partial colloidal calcium depletion using in vitro digestion models for the adults and elderly.

In vitro coagulation and digestion of caprine and bovine micellar casein concentrate (MCC) with or without partial colloidal calcium depletion (deCa) were studied under simulated adult and elderly conditions. Gastric clots were smaller and looser for caprine than bovine MCC, and were further looser with deCa and under elderly condition for both caprine and bovine MCC. Casein hydrolysis and concomitant formation of large peptides was faster for caprine than bovine MCC, and with deCa and under adult condition for caprine and bovine MCC.

Thermostability modification of β-mannanase from flexibility modification engineering.

Introduction: β-Mannanases can hydrolyze mannans, which are widely available in nature. However, the optimum temperature of most β-mannanases is too low to be directly utilized in industry.

Methods: To further improve the thermostability of Anman (mannanase from CBS513.

Purification and characterization of aspartic protease from Aspergillus niger and its efficient hydrolysis applications in soy protein degradation.

Background: Adding acid protease to feed can enhance protein digestibility, boost feed utilization, and stimulate the growth of animals in breading industry. In order to obtain an acid protease with high hydrolysis efficiency to plant protein, in this study, an aspartic protease from Aspergillus niger was heterologous expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris).

The Effect of Co-Fermentation with HLJ29L2 and Yeast on Wheat Protein Characteristics in Sourdough and Crackers.

Sourdough fermentation has been widely used in food products. However, there has been limited study of the effect of co-fermentation with lactic acid bacteria and yeast on the dough and cracker products. In this study, the influence of co-fermentation with HLJ29L2 (LP HLJ29L2) and yeast on wheat protein digestibility of cracker was studied, and the mechanism of the protein changes in sourdough during fermentation was further explored.

Multiple approaches of loop region modification for thermostability improvement of 4,6-α-glucanotransferase from Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCC 3057.

4,6-α-glucanotransferase (4,6-α-GT), as a member of the glycoside hydrolase 70 (GH70) family, converts starch/maltooligosaccharides into α,1-6 bond-containing α-glucan and possesses potential applications in food, medical and related industries but does not satisfy the high-temperature requirement due to its poor thermostability. In this study, a 4,6-α-GT (ΔGtfB) from Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCC 3057 was used as a model enzyme to improve its thermostability. The loops of ΔGtfB as the target region were optimized using directed evolution, sequence alignment, and computer-aided design.

In situ generation of hydroxyl radicals by B-doped TiO for efficient photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen in wastewater.

Acetaminophen (AP) is a widely used antipyretic analgesic belonging to the class of PPCPs, which is difficult to be effectively degraded by traditional water treatment processes. However, photocatalytic technology may be an effective approach. Herein, B-doped TiO photocatalytic materials were synthesized by sol-gel method, calcinated at 600℃ for 2 h, investigated by XRD, TEM, XPS, and other characterization methods.

Producing 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid by modified cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and isoamylase.

In this study, site saturation mutagenesis was performed on the - 3 (R44, D86, S90, and D192) and - 6 subsite (Y163, G175, G176, and N189) of Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance its specificity for the donor substrate maltodextrin for 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) preparation. The AA-2G yields produced by the mutants S90D, G176H, and S90D/G176H were 181, 171, and 185 g/L, respectively. Our previous study found that the mutant K228R/M230L also increased the AA-2G yield.

A Novel Endo-Polygalacturonase from with Prebiotics Production Potential: Cloning, Characterization and Application.

In this study, a potential producer of prebiotics, a novel endo-polygalacturonase pePGA from BM-6, was successfully expressed in , characterized and applied to produce pectic oligosaccharides. The optimum temperature and pH of pePGA were 60 °C and 6.0.

Metabolic Study of Tetra-PEG-Based Hydrogel after Pelvic Implantation in Rats.

In vivo metabolism of polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels has rarely been studied. In this study, we prepared a chemically crosslinked hydrogel formulation using 14C-labeled tetra-armed poly (ethylene glycol) succinimidyl succinate (Tetra-PEG-SS) and 3H-labeled crosslinking agent for implantation into the pelvis of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. This radioactive labeling technique was used to investigate the radioactivity excretion rates in of feces and urine, the blood exposure time curve, and the radioactivity recovery rate in each tissue over time.

Trehalose promotes high-level heterologous expression of 4,6-α-glucanotransferase GtfR2 in Escherichia coli and mechanistic analysis.

4,6-α-Glucanotransferases (4,6-α-GTs) hold great potential for applications in the food and medical industries because of their efficient transglycosylation ability. However, it is relatively difficult to achieve high soluble expression because of their high molecular weight and multidomain nature. In this study, 4,6-α-GT of Burkholderia sp.

Preparation of Zr/Y co-doped TiO photocatalyst and degradation performance of hydroquinone.

In this paper, Y-ZrO-TiO photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method, the titanium source was tetrabutyl titanate, and the precursors were zirconium nitrate pentahydrate and yttrium nitrate hexahydrate. For the photocatalytic effect of Y-ZrO-TiO to hydroquinone, these effects were investigated: doping ratios of Zr/Y, calcination conditions, pH, etc. And the materials were characterized by XRD, TEM-EDS, XPS, PL, ESR, etc.

One-step fabrication of novel MIL-53(Fe, Al) for synergistic adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline.

Bimetallic MOFs (MIL-53 (Fe, Al)) were successfully fabricated via a facile one-step solvothermal method for the removal of tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions. Tetracycline adsorption and photocatalytic experiments indicate that the optimum bimetallic synthetic molar ratio is 3:2 (40%MIL-53(Fe, Al)). The adsorption data are well fitted by the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics.

Evaluation of the photocatalytic performance of molecularly imprinted S-TiO by paper microzones.

The paper microzones method (PMZs) is a green chemical method that uses the principle of the three primary colors of red, green and blue (RGB) to detect the water quality of the droplets on white paper. However, this method is rarely used in the performance evaluation of photocatalysts. The paper details the first use of paper microzones utilized in the evaluation of photocatalyst performance.

A Novel Eyes Topical Drug Delivery System: CsA-LNC for the Treatment of DED.

Purpose: The objective of the present work was to prepare safe and effective Ciclosporin A Lipid nanocapsule (CsA-LNC) eye-drops for the treatment of DED.

Methods: The phase-inversion method was used to prepared different sizes CsA-LNC. CsA biodistribution in ocular after topical administration in rabbits was analyzed by a validated UPLC-MS/MS method.

Ultra-small-size Astragaloside-IV loaded lipid nanocapsules eye drops for the effective management of dry age-related macular degeneration.

Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of severe visual loss in elderly people. The treatments for dry AMD (dAMD) are severely limited so far. In this work, we aim to develop an eye drop to protect retinal functions against oxidative stress and apoptosis for improving dAMD management.

Improved production of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 in Escherichia coli via directed evolution.

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) are widely used in starch deep processing, so reducing their cost by improving their production is of significant industrial interest. The CGTase from Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 possesses excellent catalytic properties but suffers from low production in E. coli.

Current studies on the enzymatic preparation 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase.

2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is one of the most important l-ascorbic acid derivatives because of its resistance to reduction and oxidation and its easy degradation by α-glucosidase to release l-ascorbic acid and glucose. Thus, AA-2G has commercial uses in food, medicines and cosmetics. This article presents a review of recent studies on the enzymatic production of AA-2G using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase.

Enhanced 2- O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic Acid Synthesis through Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis of Acceptor Subsite Residues in Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase.

Low synthesis yields of the l-ascorbic acid (l-AA) derivative 2- O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) limit its application in the food industry. In this work, the AA-2G synthesis yield of Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) was improved. Nine residues within 10 Å of the catalytic residue Glu displaying ≤30% conservation and located in the acceptor subsite were selected for iterative saturation mutagenesis.