Alcoholysis of High-Solid xylose residue for methyl levulinate preparation and its kinetics.

Achieving the efficient biomass alcoholysis to methyl levulinate (ML) under high solid content conditions and establishing its kinetic model are crucial, but remain challenging. Here, the alcoholysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and xylose residue (XR) to ML under high solid content conditions using CuSO as a catalyst was reported. High yield (34.

Single-nucleus transcriptome unveils the role of ferroptosis in ischemic stroke.

Multiple cell death pathways are involved in neuronal death in ischemic stroke (IS). However, the role of different cell death pathways in different cell types has not been elucidated. By analyzing three single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data of IS, we first found that a variety of programmed cell death (PCD) -related genes were significantly changed in different cell types.

Identification of Aly1 and Aly2 as Modulators of Cytoplasmic pH in .

The regulation of intracellular pH in yeast () cells is critical for cell function and viability. In yeast, protons (H) can be excreted from the cell by plasma membrane ATPase PMA1 and pumped into vacuoles by vacuolar H-ATPase. Because PMA1 is critical to the survival of yeast cells, it is unknown whether other compensatory components are involved in pH homeostasis in the absence of PMA1.

Phosphatidic acid-regulated SOS2 controls sodium and potassium homeostasis in Arabidopsis under salt stress.

The maintenance of sodium/potassium (Na /K ) homeostasis in plant cells is essential for salt tolerance. Plants export excess Na out of cells mainly through the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway, activated by a calcium signal; however, it is unknown whether other signals regulate the SOS pathway and how K uptake is regulated under salt stress. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is emerging as a lipid signaling molecule that modulates cellular processes in development and the response to stimuli.

ESP-B4 promotes nasal epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing miR-146a-5p to modulate Smad3/GATA-3 thus relieving allergic rhinitis: ESP-B4/miR-146a-5p in AR.

Background: Though generally a mild affliction, allergic rhinitis (AR) is very common and causes considerable discomfort. Ephedra sinica polysaccharide is a candidate cost-effective therapy to relieve AR symptoms.

Purpose: We explore the molecular mechanism of pure polysaccharide ESP-B4 action in AR.

PKS5 Confers Cold Tolerance by Controlling Stomatal Movement and Regulating Cold-Responsive Genes in Arabidopsis.

Cold stress limits plant growth and development; however, the precise mechanisms underpinning plant acclimation to cold stress remain largely unknown. In this study, the Ser/Thr protein kinase SOS2-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE5 (PKS5) was shown to play a positive role in plant responses to cold stress. A PKS5 loss-of-function mutant () exhibited elevated sensitivity to cold stress, as well as a lower survival rate and increased ion leakage.

Phosphatidic acid inhibits SCAB1-mediated F-actin bundling in .

Stomatal closure-associated actin-binding protein 1 (SCAB1) regulates stomatal closure by mediating actin filament reorganization in . Our previous study showed that phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) binds to SCAB1 and inhibits its oligomerization, thereby inhibiting its activity on F-actin in guard cells during stomatal closure. In this study, we show that another phospholipid, phosphatidic acid (PA), also binds to SCAB1 and inhibits its actin-bundling activity but not its actin-binding activity.

High specific surface area N-doped activated carbon from hydrothermal carbonization of shaddock peel for the removal of norfloxacin from aqueous solution.

A novel N-doped activated carbon (NAC) derived from shaddock peel was investigated to remove norfloxacin (NFX) from aqueous solution. The Box-Behnken central composite design (BBD) was used to optimize the preparation conditions of NAC. The specific surface area of NAC was 2,481.

Sharing Reward Program Based on Face Consciousness in Social Media.

Purpose: In social marketing, sharing reward program (SRP) is a common way to improve the marketing effect. However, few studies have explored the impact of consumers' self-presentation and face consciousness on enterprise SRP. This study aims to explore the influence of these two factors on the optimal SRP.

Influence of Mineralogical Structure of Mold Flux Film on Heat Transfer in Mold during Continuous Casting of Peritectic Steel.

The mineralogical structure of flux films is a critical factor in controlling heat transfer in the mold and avoiding the longitudinal cracking of slabs during the continuous casting of peritectic steel. In this study, the layered structure, crystallization ratio, mineralogical species, and morphology features of flux films were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron-probe microanalysis. Microstructural observation revealed that the normal flux films for peritectic steels present a multilayered structure and high crystallization ratio (60~90 vol%), mainly composed of well-developed crystalline akermanite and cuspidine.

Salt sealing induced in situ N-doped porous carbon derived from wheat bran for the removal of doxycycline from aqueous solution.

In situ N-doped porous carbon (NPC) derived from wheat bran via a convenient salt sealing and air-assisted strategy was prepared for the removal of doxycycline (DOX) from aqueous solution. The NPC was precisely characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS and BET analysis. Additionally, the experimental variables including contact time, adsorbent dosage of NPC and pH were optimized by using Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM).

Optimized preparation of activated carbon from furfural residue using response surface methodology and its application for bisphenol S adsorption.

Furfural residue (FR), a solid waste, was applied as the precursor to prepare activated carbon by steam activation. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach-based response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the preparation conditions to evaluate their effects on the performance of activated carbon from furfural residue (FRAC). The optimum preparation conditions of FRAC were found as follows: activation temperature of 922 °C, activation time of 62 min, and the mass ratio of char to HO of 1:4.

Phospholipids in Salt Stress Response.

High salinity threatens crop production by harming plants and interfering with their development. Plant cells respond to salt stress in various ways, all of which involve multiple components such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, and phytohormones. Phospholipids, important components of bio-membranes, are small amphoteric molecular compounds.

Dynamic changes of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate levels modulate H-ATPase and Na/H antiporter activities to maintain ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis under salt stress.

Plant metabolites are dynamically modified and distributed in response to environmental changes. However, it is poorly understood how metabolic change functions in plant stress responses. Maintaining ion homeostasis under salt stress requires coordinated activation of two types of central regulators: plasma membrane (PM) H-ATPase and Na/H antiporter.

Study on the differential proteomics of rat hippocampal mitochondria during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on rat hippocampal mitochondrial protein expression and its differential proteomics, and explore the potential mechanisms behind the effect.

Methods: We used internal jugular vein reflux and tail artery perfusion methods to establish the rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model. Rats were dissected to obtain the hippocampus, and the hippocampal mitochondria were purified.

Prime editing efficiently generates W542L and S621I double mutations in two ALS genes in maize.

Prime editing is a novel and universal CRISPR/Cas-derived precision genome-editing technology that has been recently developed. However, low efficiency of prime editing has been shown in transgenic rice lines. We hypothesize that enhancing pegRNA expression could improve prime-editing efficiency.

Green synthesis of stable Fe,Cu oxide nanocomposites from loquat leaf extracts for removal of Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin.

Mass production of nanomaterials to remove pollutants from water still faces many challenges, mainly due to the complexity of the synthesis methods involved and the use of dangerous reagents. The green method of preparation of nanomaterials from plants can effectively solve these problems. Fe,Cu oxide nanocomposites (Fe-Cu-NCs) were synthesized by a green and single-step method using loquat leaf extracts, and were used as an adsorbent for removal of Norfloxacin (NOR) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solution.

An improved protein lipid overlay assay for studying lipid-protein interactions.

Background: Lipids perform multiple functions in the cell, and lipid-protein interactions play a key role in metabolism. Although various techniques have been developed to study lipid-protein interactions, the interacting protein partners that bind to most lipids remain unknown. The protein lipid overlay (PLO) assay has revealed numerous lipid-protein interactions, but its application suffers from unresolved technical issues.

Corncob-derived activated carbon for roxarsone removal from aqueous solution: isotherms, kinetics, and mechanism.

In this study, the adsorption of roxarsone (ROX) onto corncob-derived activated carbon (AC) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Following this, the AC was comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and EDS analysis. The results showed that the highest ROX adsorption efficiency of 304.

The effect of interface atomic structure on the deformation mechanisms of TiAlN/TiAl composite under nanoindentation using MD simulations.

In this study, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of interface atomic structure on the deformation mechanisms of TiAlN/TiAl composite under nanoindentation. It is found that the interface atomic structure has a remarkable effect on the deformation behavior of TiAlN/TiAl composite due to significantly different interface-dislocation interactive mechanisms. For the TiAlN(0 0 0 1)/TiAl(1 1 1) coherent interface system, although plenty of dislocations nucleate and propagate through the TiAl layer during the indentation process, there are no dislocations transmitting across the coherent interface.

FLOWERING LOCUS T2 regulates spike development and fertility in temperate cereals.

FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) is the closest paralog of the FT1 flowering gene in the temperate grasses. Here we show that overexpression of FT2 in Brachypodium distachyon and barley results in precocious flowering and reduced spikelet number, while down-regulation by RNA interference results in delayed flowering and a reduced percentage of filled florets. Similarly, truncation mutations of FT2 homeologs in tetraploid wheat delayed flowering (2-4 d) and reduced fertility.

Polyketides From the Endophytic Fungus sp. Isolated From the Mangrove Plant .

Five new polyketides (-) and ten known compounds ( and -) were obtained from the fermentation products of the endophytic fungus sp. OUCMDZ-302 with the mangrove plant, (Euphorbiaceae). The new structures of - were established on the basis of ECD, specific rotation and spectroscopic data as well as the chemical calculation.

Effects of quartz on crystallization behavior of mold fluxes and microstructural characteristics of flux film.

Background: Mold fluxes are mainly prepared using cement clinker, quartz, wollastonite, borax, fluorite, soda ash and other mineral materials. Quartz, as one of the most common and essential materials, was chosen for this study to analyze itseffects on crystallization temperature, critical cooling rate, crystal incubation time, crystallization ratio and phases of flux film.

Methods: We used the research methods of process mineralogy with the application of the single hot thermocouple technique, heat flux simulator, polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction, etc.

Activation of ROP6 GTPase by Phosphatidylglycerol in Arabidopsis.

Plant Rho-like GTPases (ROPs) are switch-like proteins which play essential roles in controlling cell polarity development and cellular activities. ROPs are regulated by many factors, such as auxin, light, and RopGEFs and RopGAPs proteins. However, it has not been reported yet whether small molecules play a role in the regulation of ROP activity.

Thermal decomposition and kinetics of coal and fermented cornstalk using thermogravimetric analysis.

The thermal behavior and kinetics of Yiluo coal (YC) and the residues of fermented cornstalk (FC) were investigated in this study. The Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods were used for the kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis process. The results showed that the activation energy (E) was increased with the increase of the thermal conversion rate (α), and the average values of E of YC, FC and the blend (m/m = 6/4) were 304.