Peptide BG From Bitter Gourd () Improves Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis by Modulating the Necroptosis/Neutrophil Extracellular Traps/Inflammation Axis and the Gut Microbiota.

BG is a novel bioactive peptide derived from bitter gourd (), known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, our objective is to investigate the functional roles and mechanisms of BG in the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) was established by administering complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).

The biological macromolecules constructed Matrigel for cultured organoids in biomedical and tissue engineering.

Matrigel is the most commonly used matrix for 3D organoid cultures. Research on the biomaterial basis of Matrigel for organoid cultures is a highly challenging field. Currently, many studies focus on Matrigel-based biological macromolecules or combinations to construct natural Matrigel and synthetic hydrogel scaffolds based on collagen, peptides, polysaccharides, microbial transglutaminase, DNA supramolecules, and polymers for organoid culture.

The rising roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment reprogramming and cancer immunotherapy.

Exosomes are indispensable for intercellular communications. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the living environment of tumor cells, which is composed of various components, including immune cells. Based on TME, immunotherapy has been recently developed for eradicating cancer cells by reactivating antitumor effect of immune cells.

Expression of immune regulatory factors, chemokines and growth factors in differentiated gastric cancer cells treated with an anticancer bioactive peptide combined with oxaliplatin.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. An anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) was previously shown to have an important role in inhibiting the differentiation of the MKN-45, N87 and GES-1 cell lines. However, to date, research on the effects of inflammatory factors in MKN-45, N87 and GES-1 cell lines after treatment with ACBP combined with oxaliplatin (OXA) has not been performed.

Modifications of noncoding RNAs in cancer and their therapeutic implications.

In the last 50 years, over 150 various chemical modifications on RNA molecules, including mRNAs, rRNAs, tRNAs, and other noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), have been identified and characterized. These RNA modifications regulate RNA biogenesis and biological functions and are widely involved in various physiological processes and diseases, including cancer. In recent decades, broad interest has arisen in the epigenetic modification of ncRNAs due to the increased knowledge of the critical roles of ncRNAs in cancer.

Differential expression of lysine acetylation proteins in gastric cancer treated with a new antitumor agent bioactive peptide chelate selenium.

The method of anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) functionalized selenium particle (Se), which has enhanced anticancer activity, inhibited the growth of gastric cancer (GC) cells, and increased the ability of apoptosis , has been reported in previous studies. We used tandem mass spectrometry (TMT) labeling to construct a complete atlas of the acetylation-modified proteome in GC MKN-45 cells treated with ACBP-Se. The proteomics data database was searched and analyzed by bioinformatics: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), functional enrichment, and protein-protein interaction network.

Regulatory mechanism of circular RNA involvement in osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) causes joint pain, stiffness, and dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in patients with OA and participate in a multigene, multitarget regulatory network. CircRNAs are involved in the development of OA through inflammatory responses, including proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, differentiation, oxidative stress, and mechanical stress.

Association of rs1137101 with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus of Mongolian and Han Chinese.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often coincident, and each condition is considered a risk factor for the other. Both occur frequently in the Inner Mongolia region of China. The reasons for differences in risk between Han and Mongolian ethnic groups are not known.

Bioactive peptide inhibits acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation by downregulating ALKBH5-mediated mA demethylation of EIF4EBP1 and MLST8 mRNA.

Purpose: N6-methyladenosine (mA), the most prevalent mRNA modification, plays an essential role in tumorigenesis. Notably, increasing interest has been directed to bioactive peptides (BPs) with antitumor activities. Here, we set out to investigate the potential of the BP-regulated ALKBH5/MLST8/EIF4EBP1 axis on prevention and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Antioxidant stress and anticancer activity of peptide‑chelated selenium .

The association between selenium and peptide in gastric cancer is an important research topic. The present study reported the facile synthesis of anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP)‑functionalized selenium (ACBP‑S‑Se) particles with enhanced anticancer activities and a detailed mechanistic evaluation of their ability to regulate oxidative stress . Structural and chemical characterizations were revealed by ultraviolet absorption, Fourier transform infrared, X‑ray photoelectron, nuclear magnetic resonance carbon and hydrogen, energy dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, as well as scanning electron microscopy.

Autophagy-related signaling pathways are involved in cancer (Review).

Autophagy is a self-digestion process in cells that can maintain energy homeostasis under normal circumstances. However, misfolded proteins, damaged mitochondria and other unwanted components in cells can be decomposed and reused via autophagy in some specific cases (including hypoxic stress, low energy states or nutrient deprivation). Therefore, autophagy serves a positive role in cell survival and growth.

Forsythoside A Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Podocytes by Inactivating MAPK Signaling via MMP12 Inhibition.

Background: Podocyte injury serves an important role during the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of forsythoside A (FA) on high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury and to identify the possible mechanisms.

Methods: MPC-5 podocytes were cultured under HG conditions.

Effects of m6A modifications on signaling pathways in human cancer (Review).

N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent post‑transcriptional RNA modifications. The enzymes involved in the regulation of m6A include methyltransferase (writers), demethylase (erasers) and m6A recognition proteins (readers). Accumulating studies have demonstrated that m6A modifications have a distinct effect on various biological processes, including tumorigenesis, cell differentiation, embryonic development and neurogenic diseases, while our knowledge of the specific mechanism underlying m6A methylation in various cancer types is still limited.

ACBP suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer via targeting Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.

Anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP), a novel bioactive peptide isolated from spleens of goats immunized with tumor extracts in our lab, can inhibit the proliferation of CRC in vitro and vivo. However, it remains unclear how the proliferation of CRC is inhibited by ACBP at the molecular level. Here, we provide evidences showing that ACBP significantly inhibits the expression of Wnt/β-catenin related genes (cyclin D1, met and c-myc) through pharmacotranscriptomic and qRT-PCR analysis in CRCs.

Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β mutations cause nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness and inner ear malformation.

Congenital hearing loss is a common disorder worldwide. Heterogeneous gene variation accounts for approximately 20-25% of such patients. We investigated a five-generation Chinese family with autosomal-dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Emerging impact of the long noncoding RNA MIR22HG on proliferation and apoptosis in multiple human cancers.

An increasing number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chromatin remodeling, metabolism and immune escape. Clinically, the expression of MIR22HG is increased in many human tumors (colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and thyroid carcinoma), while in others (esophageal adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma), it is significantly decreased. Moreover, MIR22HG has been reported to function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), be involved in signaling pathways, interact with proteins and interplay with miRNAs as a host gene to participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

Effect of animal-sourced bioactive peptides on the in vitro development of mouse preantral follicles.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bioactive peptides (BAPT) from animal sources on the development of mouse preantral follicles in vitro. Preantral follicles were isolated and randomly divided into the following groups: an untreated group (control) and three groups supplemented with 20, 40 and 60 μg/mL BAPT, respectively. After establishing the in vitro follicle culture, the gene expression levels and hormone levels were quantified.

Cell Cycle Regulation by Berberine in Human Melanoma A375 Cells.

We studied the effects of berberine on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of skin melanoma A375 cells, as well as cell cycle-related miRNAs and their target genes, CDK1, CDK2, and cyclins D1 and A. The inhibitory effect of berberine on the growth of A375 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by trypan blue staining.

Effect of bioactive peptide on ram semen cryopreservation.

This present study investigated the effect of bioactive peptide (BAPT) (BAPT) on the quality of ram semen during cryopreservation. Ram ejaculates were extended with Tris buffer supplemented with no antioxidants (as control group), 20 μg/mL BAPT (as BAPT20 group), 40 μg/mL BAPT (as BAPT40 group) and 60 μg/mL BAPT (as BAPT60 group). After cryopreservation, sperm quality including motility, vitality, the percentage of hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST)-positive spermatozoa and the percentage of intact acrosomes was assessed.

Anticancer bioactive peptide combined with docetaxel and its mechanism in the treatment of breast cancer.

Breast cancer remains a worldwide public-health issue. Novel drugs that increase the sensitivity and reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required. The present study investigated the effect and mechanism of the short-term intermittent administration of an anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP), docetaxel (DTX), ACBP combined with DTX (MIX) and ACBP combined with low dose DTX (L-MIX) to nude mice bearing human breast cancer tumors.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of colon cancer cells induced by the FAK pathway in cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Objective: The role and mechanism of tetrathiomolybdate (TM) in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in colon cancer using three-dimensional (3D) culture were investigated, and the associations between the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CAFs were explored.

Methods: A 3D co-culture model of colon cancer LOVO cells with CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) was established using Matrigel as a scaffold material. The differential expression of LOXL2 (lysyl oxidase-like 2) in the supernatant of CAFs and NFs was determined using ELISA, and expression levels of EMT-related proteins and FAK signaling pathway-related proteins were determined using western blot.

Correlation between gene polymorphism in angiotensin II type 1 receptor and type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by hypertension in a population of Inner Mongolia.

Background: The role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) as a key player in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with hypertension remains controversial. The present case-control study systematically investigated the association between gene the correct variation type in the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hypertension in the Han population from the Inner Mongolia region, China.

Method: Here, state which variants were analysis, including age, occupation, triglyceride, systolic, diastolic, sex, culture, marital status, smoking, alcohol, BMI (body mass index), SBP (systolic blood pressure), DBP (diastolic blood pressure), TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), FPG (fasting plasma glucose).

iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis on insomnia rats treated with Mongolian medical warm acupuncture.

Objective: To explore the proteomic changes in the hypothalamus of rats treated with Mongolian medical warm acupuncture for insomnia therapy based proteomics.

Method: We used an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to identify proteins that potential molecular mechanisms involved in the treatment of insomnia by Mongolian medical warm acupuncture.

Result: In total, 7477 proteins were identified, of which 36 proteins showed increased levels and 45 proteins showed decreased levels in insomnia model group (M) compared with healthy control group (C), 72 proteins showed increased levels and 44 proteins showed decreased levels from the warm acupuncture treated insomnia group (W) compared with healthy controls (C), 28 proteins showed increased levels and 17 proteins showed decreased levels from the warm acupuncture-treated insomnia group (W) compared with insomnia model group (M).

Transcriptional Regulation of Latency-Associated Transcripts (LATs) of Herpes Simplex Viruses.

Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) cause cold sores and genital herpes and can establish lifelong latent infection in neurons. An engineered oncolytic HSV (oHSV) has recently been approved to treat tumors in clinics. HSV latency-associated transcripts (LATs) are associated with the latent infection, but LAT transcriptional regulation was seldom reported.

Role of MicroRNA-30c in cancer progression.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) is a non-coding small RNA of a type of 18~24 nucleotide-regulated gene that has been discovered in recent years. It mainly degrades the target gene mRNA or inhibits its translation process through the complete or incomplete bindings with 3'UTR of target genes, followed by the regulation of individual development, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and other life activities through the post-transcriptional regulation. Among many miRNAs, the microRNA family, miR-30, plays diverse roles in these key process of neoplastic transformation, metastasis, and clinical outcomes in different cancer progression.