Advances in the application of carbon dots-based fluorescent probes in disease biomarker detection.

Carbon dots (CDs), as an emerging nanomaterial, have shown tremendous potential in disease biomarker detection. CDs can selectively interact with different target molecules, enabling highly sensitive and specific detection of these biomolecules. Compared to traditional detection methods, CDs sensors offer advantages such as rapid response, high detection sensitivity, and low cost.

CLIB: Contrastive learning of ignoring background for underwater fish image classification.

Aiming at the problem that the existing methods are insufficient in dealing with the background noise anti-interference of underwater fish images, a contrastive learning method of ignoring background called CLIB for underwater fish image classification is proposed to improve the accuracy and robustness of underwater fish image classification. First, CLIB effectively separates the subject from the background in the image through the extraction module and applies it to contrastive learning by composing three complementary views with the original image. To further improve the adaptive ability of CLIB in complex underwater images, we propose a multi-view-based contrastive loss function, whose core idea is to enhance the similarity between the original image and the subject and maximize the difference between the subject and the background, making CLIB focus more on learning the core features of the subject during the training process, and effectively ignoring the interference of background noise.

SH2B1 Tunes Hippocampal ERK Signaling to Influence Fluid Intelligence in Humans and Mice.

Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs.

Trust-Aware and Fuzzy Logic-Based Reliable Layering Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks.

Routing protocols based on trust mechanisms have been widely investigated for wireless sensor networks, and the works have achieved good results, while there are few works on trusted routing for underwater acoustic networks (UANs). However, trust-aware routing is the key to improving the packet delivery rate and the energy efficiency of UANs. Therefore, inspired by the theory of trust evaluation, a trust-aware and fuzzy logic-based reliable layering routing protocol (TAFLRLR) is proposed.

Protective factors for children with autism spectrum disorder during COVID-19-related strict lockdowns: a Shanghai autism early developmental cohort study.

Background: COVID-19 lockdowns increased the risk of mental health problems, especially for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, despite its importance, little is known about the protective factors for ASD children during the lockdowns.

Methods: Based on the Shanghai Autism Early Developmental Cohort, 188 ASD children with two visits before and after the strict Omicron lockdown were included; 85 children were lockdown-free, while 52 and 51 children were under the longer and the shorter durations of strict lockdown, respectively.

Management and follow-up of uveal effusion syndrome: a case report.

Background: We present the management and follow-up of a case of uveal effusion syndrome (UES).

Case Presentation: We study the relevant recent literature reports and review the aetiology, clinical classification, pathogenesis, diagnostic characteristics, treatment methods, and prognosis of this disease. When we encounter UES patients clinically, we can classify them according to their clinical characteristics and adopt different treatment plans for different types.

Discovery and Validation of Novel Genes in a Large Chinese Autism Spectrum Disorder Cohort.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes impairments in social communication and stereotypical behaviors, often accompanied by developmental delay or intellectual disability. A growing body of evidence suggests that ASD is highly heritable, and genetic studies have defined numerous risk genes. However, most studies have been conducted with individuals of European and Hispanic ancestry, and there is a lack of genetic analyses of ASD in the East Asian population.

Glaucoma in rural China (the Rural Epidemiology for Glaucoma in China (REG-China)): a national cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of glaucoma with associated factors in the rural populations of 10 provinces in China.

Design: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: All participants aged 6 years or older from 10 provinces completed visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, ophthalmoscopy and non-contact tonometry.

Gut Microbial Profile Is Associated With the Severity of Social Impairment and IQ Performance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a heterogeneous set of neurodevelopmental disorders with diverse symptom severity and comorbidities. Although alterations in gut microbiota have been reported in individuals with ASD, it remains unclear whether certain microbial pattern is linked to specific symptom or comorbidity in ASD. We aimed to investigate the associations between gut microbiota and the severity of social impairment and cognitive functioning in children with ASD.

SENP1 in the retrosplenial agranular cortex regulates core autistic-like symptoms in mice.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, causing defects of social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Here, we identify a de novo heterozygous gene-truncating mutation of the Sentrin-specific peptidase1 (SENP1) gene in people with ASD without neurodevelopmental delay. We find that Senp1 mice exhibit core autistic-like symptoms such as social deficits and repetitive behaviors but normal learning and memory ability.

A novel mutation in the PRPH2 gene in a Chinese pedigree with retinitis pigmentosa and angle-closure glaucoma.

Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a rare, progressive, and hereditary disorder that leads to the progressive loss of vision and visual field, and in some cases blindness. The specific relationship between RP and glaucoma has been debated for decades.

Methods: In this study, we examined a Han RP family with concomitant angle-closure glaucoma (ACG), performed an inductive analysis of their clinical features and assistant results, and applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology for a molecular diagnosis.

Improved symptoms following bumetanide treatment in children aged 3-6 years with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

With the current limited drug therapy for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we herein report a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy, safety, and potential neural mechanism of bumetanide in children with ASD aged 3-6 years old. A total of 120 children were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to either 0.5 mg bumetanide or placebo.

A 29 Mainland Chinese cohort of patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome: genotype-phenotype correlations and the role of SHANK3 haploinsufficiency in the important phenotypes.

Background: Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) or 22q13 deletion syndrome is a rare developmental disorder characterized by hypotonia, developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dysmorphic features. Most cases are caused by 22q13 deletions encompassing many genes including SHANK3. Phenotype comparisons between patients with SHANK3 mutations (or deletions only disrupt SHANK3) and 22q13 deletions encompassing more than SHANK3 gene are lacking.

Evaluation Preparation of Apatinib-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles and Its Effect in the Treatment of Advanced Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor, second only to cervical cancer and uterine body cancer. In China, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate in gynecological tumors. Due to the rapid spread of cancer cells, the prognosis is relatively poor.

Severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: psychiatric and cognitive problems and brain structure in children.

Background: Two studies have suggested that severe prolonged nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is associated with emotional and behavioral problems in offspring, with smaller sample size and short-term follow-up. Moreover, little information is available on the role of the brain structure in the associations.

Methods: In a US-based cohort, the association was investigated between severe prolonged nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (extending after the second trimester and termed SNVP), psychiatric and cognitive problems, and brain morphology, from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, from 10,710 children aged 9-11 years.

Different strategies, distinguished cooperation efficiency, and brain synchronization for couples: An fNIRS-based hyperscanning study.

Introduction: Individuals may employ different strategies when cooperating with others. For example, when two participants are asked to press buttons simultaneously, they may press the buttons as quickly as possible (immediate response strategy) or press them in a delayed pattern (delayed response strategy). Despite recognition of interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) as a fundamental neural mechanism of cooperation, it remains unclear how various strategies influence cooperative behavior and its neural activities.

Correction: Symptom improvement in children with autism spectrum disorder following bumetanide administration is associated with decreased GABA/glutamate ratios.

An important detail was omitted in the Method of the original Article, I.E, The CARS and other evaluations were conducted 'blind' to condition (Bumetanide or no treatment) by experienced clinicians. This has now been updated in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.

Symptom improvement in children with autism spectrum disorder following bumetanide administration is associated with decreased GABA/glutamate ratios.

Bumetanide has been reported to alter synaptic excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance by potentiating the action of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), thereby attenuating the severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in animal models. However, clinical evidence of its efficacy in young patients with ASD is limited. This was investigated in the present clinical trial of 83 patients, randomised to the bumetanide group (bumetanide treatment, 0.

Diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation for uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome: A case report.

Rationale: To report a case of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (DLTSC) for uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome (UGH).

Patient Concerns: The patient developed UGH on the right eye (OD) after vitrectomy and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Diagnoses: Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was HM/50 cm, intraocular pressure (IOP) was 51.

Salidroside mitigates hydrogen peroxide-induced injury by enhancement of microRNA-27a in human trabecular meshwork cells.

Salidroside (Sal) exerted widely pharmacological effects in multitudinous diseases had been certified. The actual study clarified the protective activity of Sal in HO-injured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. HTM cells were disposed with HO to construct an oxidative damage model in vitro.

Altered social cognition and connectivity of default mode networks in the co-occurrence of autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: As two common neurodevelopmental disorders, autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder frequently occur together. Until now, only a few studies have investigated the co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder, this is due to restrictions associated with previous . Most previous research has focused on the developmental trajectories for autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder separately, while the neural mechanisms underpinning the co-occurrence of autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder remain largely unknown.

Rare Copy Number Variations in a Chinese Cohort of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heterogeneous in symptom and etiology. Rare copy number variations (CNVs) are important genetic factors contributing to ASD. Currently chromosomal microarray (CMA) detecting CNVs is recommended as a first-tier diagnostic assay, largely based on research in North America and Europe.

Genetic Diagnostic Evaluation of Trio-Based Whole Exome Sequencing Among Children With Diagnosed or Suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent tremendous advances in the whole exome sequencing (WES) enable rapid identification of variants associated with ASD including single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and indels. To further explore genetic etiology of ASD in Chinese children with negative findings of copy number variants (CNVs), we applied WES in 80 simplex families with a single affected offspring with ASD or suspected ASD, and validated variations predicted to be damaging by Sanger sequencing.

One-pot synthesis of dual carbon dots using only an N and S co-existed dopant for fluorescence detection of Ag.

Luminescent carbon-based nanoparticles, named often as carbon dots (CDs), were synthesized from citric acid (CA) and guanidine thiocyanate (GITC) via an N and S co-doped hydrothermal procedure. In the present structure characterization, N and S elements could be sufficiently doped by means of the heteroatom or the functional groups bonded on the surface of CDs. The as-prepared CDs solution showed blue color fluorescence under ultraviolet excitation, yet the PL spectra exhibited a repetitive emission process from excitation-independent to excitation-dependent.

Rapid Detection of the mt3243A > G Mutation Using Urine Sediment in Elderly Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify mt3243A > G mutation carriers in a group of Chinese elderly type 2 diabetic patients by a rapid and noninvasive diagnostic system.

Methods: DNA was extracted from blood, saliva, and urine sediment samples. The mutation screening and quantitation of heteroplasmy were performed by high-resolution melting (HRM) curve and pyrosequencing, respectively.