Performance of ChatGPT and Bard on the medical licensing examinations varies across different cultures: a comparison study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, GPT-4o and Google Bard on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB), the Hong Kong Medical Licensing Examination (HKMLE) and the National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE).

Methods: This study was conducted in June 2023.

A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Popular Content Distribution Scheme in Vehicular Networks.

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables vehicular data services and applications through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. One of the key services provided by IoV is popular content distribution (PCD), which aims to quickly deliver popular content that most vehicles request. However, it is challenging for vehicles to receive the complete popular content from roadside units (RSUs) due to their mobility and the RSUs' constrained coverage.

CuS NP-based nanocomposite with photothermal and augmented-photodynamic activity for magnetic resonance imaging-guided tumor synergistic therapy.

Although many treatments have been developed for oncotherapy, the lack of effective imaging guidance in the therapeutic process is still an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, magnetic resonance contrast agent (Gd) chelated on CuS nanoparticles and glucose oxidase (GOx) were coloaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to form GOx-Gd-CuS@MSNs, in which the Gd provided magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for therapeutic process monitor while GOx could catalyze the generation of HO to enhance the photodynamic therapy (PDT). The in vitro results show that under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation (2 W·cm, 5 min), temperature rapidly increased by approximately 30 °C for the accumulation of heat.

Surface Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Hyperbranched Polyamide-Amine and Microcrystalline Cellulose for Efficient Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions.

Graphene oxide (GO)-based adsorbents have received attention in the removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater due to its large specific surface area and oxygen-containing functional groups, which can enhance the interaction between GO and heavy metal ions. Many researchers are seeking economical and effective strategies to further improve the adsorption capacity of GO. In this study, hyperbranched polymers and cellulose were used to surface functionalize GO for the efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions.

Application of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Monitor the Early Antitumor Effect of CuS@GOD Nanoparticles in a 4 T1 Breast Cancer Xenograft Model.

Background: We have developed hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) by co-loading copper sulfide (CuS) NPs and glucose oxidase (GOD) (CuS@GOD NPs) to explore their antitumor properties.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and R * mapping to quantitatively assess the early antitumor effect of CuS@GOD NPs.

Study Type: Prospective.

Anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective activities of traditional Chinese medicine-derived polysaccharides: A review.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of death in modern society, have become a major public health issue globally. Although numerous approaches have been proposed to reduce morbidity and mortality, the pursuit of pharmaceuticals with more preventive and/or therapeutic value remains a focus of attention. Being a vast treasure trove of natural drug molecules, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history of clinical use in the prophylaxis and remedy of CVDs.

Regenerated Cellulose Films with Amino-Terminated Hyperbranched Polyamic Anchored Nanosilver for Active Food Packaging.

The nanosilver-based antibacterial composite film used as food packaging has a potential hazard of silver leakage into the human body. In this study, hyperbranched polyamide-amine (HPAMAM) was used as a template, reducing agent, and stabilizer to synthesize Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in situ, and then HPAMAM anchored Ag NPs onto oxidized cellulose to construct a regenerated cellulose film with a low silver leakage for antibacterial food packaging. Alkali hydroxide/urea solution was used to dissolve cotton fibers, and the hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-3 of the glucose residues were oxidized to two aldehyde groups by NaIO.

Biopolymer as Stabilizer and Adhesive To in Situ Precipitate CuS Nanocrystals on Cellulose Nanofibers for Preparing Multifunctional Composite Papers.

In order to solve the uneven distribution of copper sulfide nanocrystals (CuS-NCs) on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), this work reports a feasible method to in situ precipitate CuS-NCs on CNF by utilizing biopolymers (lignin, xylan, or starch) as stabilizer and adhesive for fabricating the multifunctional composite papers. In the presence of biopolymers, CuS-NCs deposited in situ on CNF could be capped and stabilized by the biopolymers molecular chains for uniform distribution. Subsequently, biopolymers could anchor CuS-NCs on CNF by the hydrogen bonding.

Quaternized chitosan-stabilized copper sulfide nanoparticles for cancer therapy.

In this study, we report a smart and green strategy to synthesize copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS-NPs) for clinically translatable cancer treatment. For the first time, the preparation of CuS-NPs was developed by taking advantage of the copper-amine complex as the copper source and sodium sulfide as the sulfide source, in which the quaternized chitosan (QCS) was used as a biotemplate and stabilizing agent. The obtained QCS/CuS-NPs composites (CuS@QCS-NPs) were spherical and stable with an average diameter of 5.

Novel chitosan films with laponite immobilized Ag nanoparticles for active food packaging.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a kind of excellent antimicrobial agent, but the application is limited in food field due to easy leakage. In this work, for the first time, laponite immobilized silver nanoparticles (LAP@AgNPs) were synthesized with quaternized chitosan as green reductant, in which AgNPs were embedded in the interlayer of laponite due to confinement effect. Subsequently, chitosan-based films with LAP@AgNPs were prepared for keeping litchis fresh.

A Probabilistic Analysis of Sparse Coded Feature Pooling and Its Application for Image Retrieval.

Feature coding and pooling as a key component of image retrieval have been widely studied over the past several years. Recently sparse coding with max-pooling is regarded as the state-of-the-art for image classification. However there is no comprehensive study concerning the application of sparse coding for image retrieval.

Starch/rosin complexes for improving the interaction of mineral filler particles with cellulosic fibers.

On the basis of inclusion complex formation of starch with small guest molecules, the concept of filler modification for papermaking by calcium-ion-induced deposition of starch/rosin complexes in the presence of filer particles was demonstrated. The rosin amount of 3% (on the basis of the dry weight of starch) induced effective starch deposition. Due to the cellulose-bondable nature of starch/rosin complexes, filler modification resulted in improved interaction of precipitated calcium carbonate particles with cellulosic fibers, leading to reduced negative impact of filler addition on paper strength.

Filler modification for papermaking with starch/oleic acid complexes with the aid of calcium ions.

To mitigate the negative effect of filler addition on paper strength and improve filler retention, filler modification with hydrogen bonding polymers (e.g., starch) or their composites is an interesting research topic.