Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to predict the effect of risperidone on aripiprazole pharmacokinetics in subjects with different CYP2D6 genotypes and individuals with hepatic impairment.

Background: Aripiprazole and risperidone, widely used atypical antipsychotics, are commonly adjunctively prescribed in clinical practice. When aripiprazole was combined with risperidone, the genotype of drug-metabolizing enzymes and liver impairment may lead to complex pharmacokinetic changes. The Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model can predict the influence of these factors on plasma concentration and optimize dosage regimens.

Functional and evolutionary analysis of key enzymes triacylglycerol lipase, glycogen hydrolases in the glycerol and glucose biosynthesis pathway and cellular chaperones for freeze-tolerance of the Rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis.

Freeze-tolerance is an important physiological trait for terrestrial environmental adaptation and intraspecific geographic-lineage diversification in ectothermic animals, yet there remains a lack of systematic studies on its underlying genetic mechanisms and evolution. To address this problem, we employed the widely distributed rice pest, the Chilo suppressalis, as a model to explore the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary history of freeze-tolerance. First, we systematically characterized its antifreeze mechanisms by performing functional validation of potential key genes in laboratory-reared lines.

Population Pharmacodynamic Models of Risperidone on PANSS Total Scores and Prolactin Levels in Schizophrenia.

Currently, research predominantly focuses on evaluating clinical effects at specific time points while neglecting underlying patterns within the treatment process. This study aims to analyze the dynamic alterations in PANSS total scores and prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone, along with the influencing covariates. Using data from an 8-week randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial, a population pharmacodynamic model was established for the PANSS total scores of and prolactin levels in patients treated with risperidone.

Plasma metabolomics of schizophrenia with cognitive impairment: A pilot study.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) acts as a complex and burdensome disease, in which the functional outcome can be validly predicted by cognitive impairment, as one of the core features. However, there still lack considerable markers of cognitive deficits in SCZ. Based on metabolomics, it is expected to identify different metabolic characteristics of SCZ with cognitive impairment.

Comorbidity and Treatment in Older Psychiatric In-patients-A Retrospective Study in a Chinese Psychiatric Hospital.

Comorbid somatic diseases increase the death risk and affect the condition, treatment, and prognosis of older psychiatric patients. We investigated the comorbidity and drug treatment in older patients with psychosis. This retrospective study used data from 3,115 older psychiatric in-patients hospitalized at the Shanghai Mental Health Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China discharged from 2005 to 2015.

Effects of the combination of second-generation antipsychotics on serum concentrations of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Aripiprazole (ARI) is often prescribed alone or in combination with other second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) to treat patients with schizophrenia. However, this may increase the potential clinical significance of drug-drug interactions. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an important and fundamental tool both when administering ARI alone and in combination with other SGAs to monitor ARI pharmacokinetics, adjust the dosage and thereby achieve more effective and safer treatment.

Hair Cortisol Is Associated With Social Support and Symptoms in Schizophrenia.

Introduction: Psychosocial stressors may worsen psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia, while social support could protect against the effects of stress in schizophrenia. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction has been associated with schizophrenia. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) allow assessment of cumulative cortisol secretion over the preceding 3 months.

Lack of Association Between Genetic Variation and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: The phospholipase A2 Group 6 (, also known as , and ) gene encodes a group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2. Genetic polymorphism of has been indicated to be involved in conferring susceptibility for Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas conclusive results have not been obtained. Thus, we intended to conduct a systematic review to determine if genetic variation confers a greater susceptibility to PD.

Sesquiterpenoids and γ-pyranone derivatives from the whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus and their neuroprotective effects.

Four new sesquiterpenes (1-2, 6-7), a new pyranone glycoside (10) along with six known compounds, were isolated from the whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus. Their planar structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic analyses. Brevisterpene A (1) and brevisterpene B (2) were proved to be a pair of diastereomer followed by mixtures resolution using chiral HPLC.

Correlation of hair risperidone concentration and serum level among patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Risperidone (RSP) has a rapid onset in vivo, low dosage and high plasma protein binding rate, therefore therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is needed to ensure safety in clinical treatment. However, compared with blood, hair is non-invasive, safe, non-infectious and easy to transport and store.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the correlations among the drug concentrations of RSP in hair and serum, which provides an experimental basis to explore hair as a novel biomaterial to meet the needs of clinical detection.

Identification of plasma biomarkers for distinguishing bipolar depression from major depressive disorder by iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis.

It is important to differentiate between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in the first depressive episode because of the potential treatment implications. Previous studies have mainly focused on the different clinical features or pathological biomarkers to distinguish these two diseases; however, a better understanding of the proteomics profiling of BD may help aid future therapeutic strategies. Here, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins between MDD and bipolar depression (BP).

NR4A2 genetic variation and Parkinson's disease: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The homo sapiens nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A (NR4A2) genetic variation has been implicated as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, the results are inconclusive. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the impact of NR4A2 variation on the risk of PD.

A new triterpenoid from Panax ginseng exhibits cytotoxicity through p53 and the caspase signaling pathway in the HepG2 cell line.

A new triterpenoid, 20(R),22(xi),24(S)-dammar-25(26)-ene-3beta,6 alpha,12 beta,20,22,24-hexanol (1), and three known triterpenoids, beta-D-glucopyranoside,(3beta,12 beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl,6-acetate (2), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (3), and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 (4), were isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Their structures were determined by chemical analysis and spectral methods (IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS). Compounds 1-4 were exhibited various degrees of cytotoxicity in the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2.