A novel polysaccharide from Macadamia peel: Extraction, purification, structural characterization and antioxidant activity.

Background: Macadamia peels are the main by-product of postharvest treatment of the whole fresh fruit weight, they contain various bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and other nutritional and functional components, that are known to have anti-tumor and anti-oxidation functions.

Results: Two purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained (MPP-1 and MPP-2) by extracting with ultrasonic-microwave-aided water extraction and purifying by with DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-50 columns, and then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and NMR, and the antioxidant activity was also investigated. The results indicated that MPP-1 and MPP-2 were mainly glucose, the molecular weight was 8.

Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics for Understanding the Different Vegetative Growth in .

is an edible and medicinal fungus with high nutritional, medicinal, and economic value. Recently, . has been produced through artificial cultivation in China, but its stable production remains problematic because the details of its growth and development process are limitedly understood.

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Alterations in the Primary Metabolites and Potential Pathways in the Vegetative Growth of Morchella sextelata.

one of the true morels, has recently been artificially cultivated with stable production in China. Analysis of the variations in primary metabolites during the vegetative stages of is critical for understanding the metabolic process. In this study, three developmental stages were categorized based on morphological and developmental changes, including the young mushroom period, marketable mature period, and physiological maturity period.

New Triterpenoid Saponins from Green Vegetable Soya Beans and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

Ten compounds were isolated and identified from green vegetable soya beans, of which five are new triterpenoid saponins (1-5) and five are known compounds (6-10). The chemical structures of the five triterpenoid saponins (1-5) were elucidated to be 3β,24-dihydroxy-22β,30-epoxy-30-oxoolean-12-en 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 1; 3β,24-dihydroxy-22β,30-epoxy-30-oxoolean-12-en 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-(3″-O-formyl)-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 2; 22-keto-3β,24-dihydroxy oleanane-12-ene 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-(3″-O-formyl)-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 3; 3β,22β,24-trihydroxy oxyolean-18(19)-ene-29-acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 4; and punicanolic acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 5 from the spectroscopic data (IR, GTC/FID, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). The nitric oxide release inhibitions of compounds 1-10 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.

Identification of Two Additional Susceptibility Loci for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Chinese Population.

Background/aims: To investigate the associations between the rs1250569 (zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1, ZMIZ1), rs1042522 (tumour protein p53, TP53), and rs10114470 (tumour necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A, TL1A) polymorphisms and the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a Chinese (Han) population. We analysed the expression of genes that predispose patients to Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: A total of 381 IBD patients and 517 healthy controls were recruited into our study.