Localized leptin release may be an important mechanism of curcumin action after acute ischemic injuries.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that both curcumin and leptin are protective factors against acute injuries. Here, we investigated whether leptin and its signaling pathway mediate the protective effects of curcumin.

Methods: A solid dispersion of curcumin-polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 was prepared and administered intraperitoneally.

[Preliminary investigation of the changes and mechanism of Leptin after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury].

Objective: To explore the effect of rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on serum Leptin, endothelin (ET), C-reactive protein (CRP) and myocardial Leptin expression, and discuss the role of Leptin in myocardial I/R injury.

Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, ischemia and I/R 1, 2, 3 hours groups, with 10 rats in each group. Anterior descending artery of the left coronary artery was ligated for 45 minutes and released for 1, 2 and 3 hours to establish myocardial I/R model, and the said artery of the rats in sham-operation group was not ligated.

Endogenous leptin fluctuates in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury and represents a potential therapeutic target.

Aim: To evaluate the role of leptin in the internal disorders during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Methods: A rat model of 70% hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury was established, with groups of sham-operation (Sham), 60 min ischemia/60 min reperfusion (I60'R60'), I60'R150', I60'R240' and I60'R360'. Serum leptin was detected by a self-produced radioimmunoassay; serum glucose, total anti-oxidation capacity, myeloperoxidase, alanine transaminase and diamine oxidase were determined by relevant kits, while histological alterations and protein levels of leptin in the lung, liver and duodenum were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.

[Effects of leptin on apoptosis of rat cerebral astrocytes with ischemia/hypoxia injury].

Objective: To investigate the effect of leptin on apoptosis of rat cerebral astrocytes with ischemia/ hypoxia injury and its mechanism.

Methods: The cerebral astrocytes with ischemic/hypoxia injury were induced in neonatal SD rats. The cellular viability of injury of astrocytes was detected by MTT assay.

[Role of leptin in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic injury].

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE; To study the changes of leptin after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (H-I/R) and its effects on H-I/R-induced hepatic injury.

Methods: A 70% H-I/R model of rats was established. The rats were divided into groups with different reperfusion times and sham-operation group.

[Orexin-A in hepatic reperfusion-induced liver injury in rats].

Objective: To explore the change of orexin-A expression in hepatic reperfusion and their association with liver injury, and to find out the role of orexin-A in traumatic stress responses.

Methods: A 70% hepatic reperfusion model of rats was established, setting groups of sham-operation and injury ones with different reperfusion time. A self-produced radioimmunoassay and relevant kits were used to detect the protein level of orexin-A in the plasma and the hypothalamus, serum glucose, total anti-oxidation capacity and alanine transaminase, HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the pathological variation and protein expression of orexin-A in the liver, while RT-PCR was applied to observe mRNA expression of orexin-A in the hypothalamus and the liver.

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein is a useful marker for organ dysfunction and leptin alleviates sepsis-induced organ injuries by restraining its tissue levels.

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is widely distributed and has been used to diagnose certain diseases. However, its alteration during infection-evoked organ dysfunction, and the potential association between leptin and it in injury or infection has not been investigated. In the current study, serum H-FABP, leptin, C-reactive protein and interleukin-1beta in the patients with pulmonary infection-induced multiple organ dysfunction were detected.

[Changes of leptin levels in serum and myocardium after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury].

Aim: To explore the effect of rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury on leptin levels in serum and myocardium, and discuss the role of leptin in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Methods: A myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model of rats was established, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and leptin levels were detected, and histopathological changes and leptin expressions in myocardium were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

Results: Serum LDH of ischemia and reperfusion groups increased significantly (P < 0.

[Distribution of leptin expression and its effect on the recovery of sepsis-induced internal disorders].

Objective: To explore the distribution of leptin expression and the effect of sepsis on leptin protein and mRNA levels.

Methods: Vital organ samples including hypothalamus, lung, liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, kidney, epididymal fat pad and testis of normal rats were collected. The mRNA expressions of leptin in those samples were determined by RT-PCR.

p38 kinase/cytosolic phospholipase A2/cyclooxygenase-2 pathway: a new signaling cascade for lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 release in differentiated U937 cells.

p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation is essential for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Although the regulation results from combined effect of both transcription and translation levels, the precise mechanism by which p38 regulates still remains to be elucidated. Our previous work showed cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), a substrate of p38, was involved in this regulation.

Development of fluorous Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions.

Organic synthetic methodology in the 21st century aims to conform to the principles of green sustainable chemistry (GSC) and we may expect that in the future, the realization of GSC will be an important objective for chemical industries. An important aim of synthetic organic chemistry is to implement waste-free and environmentally-benign industrial processes using Lewis acids as versatile as aluminum chloride. A key technological objective of our work in this area has been to achieve a "catalyst recycling system that utilizes the high activity and structural features of fluorous Lewis acid catalysts".

Leptin protects vital organ functions after sepsis through recovering tissue myeloperoxidase activity: an anti-inflammatory role resonating with indomethacin.

In this research, the role of leptin on sepsis-induced organ dysfunction was evaluated. Making use of a mice sepsis model, changes of alanine transaminase and uric acid in serum, myeloperoxidase activity, leptin levels and histological alterations in heart, lung, liver and kidney were determined. Results showed that sepsis induced significantly higher levels of serum alanine transaminase and uric acid, decreased tissue myeloperoxidase activity and leptin levels, and triggered distinct histological alterations.

Effect of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury on leptin and orexin-A levels.

The aim of this paper is to explore the effect of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on leptin and orexin-A levels in peripheral blood and central secretory tissues, and to examine the roles of leptin and orexin-A in acute inflammatory responses. An intestinal I/R injury model of rats was made; the rats were grouped according to the time of after 60 min ischemia. Radioimmunoassay was employed to detect the levels of leptin in serum and adipose tissue and orexin-A levels in plasma and hypothalamus.

[Leptin decreases post-septic pulmonary and intestinal FABP levels and its mechanism].

Aim: To detect the effect of sepsis on fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) levels and corresponding enzymes in lung and intestine of mice, and to explore the role for FABP in acute inflammation.

Methods: A sepsis model of mice made with cecum deligation and perforation was established, and a radioimmunoassay for FABP and 96-well spectrophotometry assays for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which were related with clearance of free radicals,were used to detect their levels in lung and intestine homogenized fluids. Hematoxylin-eosin stain was used simultaneously to check the histopathologic chanes of both tissues.

[p38 MAPK/cPLA2 pathway mediates interleukins release in inflammatory cell model].

Objective: To explore the underlying mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 release via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in HeLa cells for further identification of involved down-stream message factors.

Methods: HeLa cells were challenged with LPS to reproduce inflammatory cell model. The activity or expression of p38 MAPK, cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and COX-2, was inhibited with pretreatment of inflammatory HeLa cells with the inhibitors (SB203580, AACOCF(3), NS-398) or transfected with the cPLA(2) antisense oligonucleotide (SK7111), then the activities and/or expression of p38 MAPK, cPLA(2), COX-2, and relationship with levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 supernatants were determined in each group.

[Leptin protects sepsis-induced renal injury and research for its mechanism].

Objective: To detect the effect of sepsis on renal function and corresponding enzymes in mice, and to explore the role of leptin in acute inflammation.

Methods: Sepsis was reproduced by cecum ligation and puncture in mice. Serum uric acid (UA) and four enzymes related with synthesis of free radicals in kidney homogenized fluids, myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined with spectrophotometry, and leptin level in kidney was detected by radioimmunoassay.

[Effect of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury on protein and mRNA levels of orexin-A].

Objective: To investigate the effect of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on orexin-A levels in plasma and hypothalamus, and to find out the role of orexin-A in acute inflammatory responses.

Methods: Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group and 5 experiment groups. Then we established the intestinal I/R injury model of rats and setup the 5 experiment groups of 60 min ischemia followed by different periods of time for reperfusion.

[Effect of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury on leptin and orexin-A levels].

Objective: To explore the effect of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on leptin and orexin-A levels in peripheral blood and central secretory tissues, and investigate the roles of leptin and orexin-A in acute inflammatory responses.

Methods: An intestinal I/R injury rat model was established, and the rats were grouped according to duration of the reperfusion time following a 60-min ischemia. Radioimmunoassay was used to examine the protein levels of leptin in the serum and adipose tissue, and the protein levels of orexin-A in the plasma and hypothalamus.

[Changes in serum leptin levels in patients with surgically induced stress responses].

Objective: To explore the effect of operative trauma induced stress responses on serum leptin levels.

Methods: Serum samples of patients who had undergone resection of hepatic tumors or cholecystectomy were collected, and highly sensitive radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine serum levels of leptin, granulocyte-clone stimulating factor (G-CSF), C-reactive protein (CRP) and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) in the blood of these patients.

Results: Compared with self-control before operation, serum leptin levels decreased slightly right after an abdominal operation (T0), it reached the highest level 1 day after operation (T1), and began to decrease from 2 days (T2) to 4 days after operation (T4), but the level was still higher than that before operation.

[Effect of long tubular bone fracture on serum levels of leptin, acute phase proteins and biochemical markers for organ functions].

Objective: To investigate the effect of long tubular bone fracture (LTBF) on serum levels of leptin, acute phase proteins and biochemical markers for organ functions, and to look for the role of leptin in traumatic inflammatory responses.

Methods: Serum samples of LTBF patients and normal controls were collected, and immunoassays were used to determine serum levels of leptin and three acute phase proteins, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2, and 21 biochemical markers for organ and metabolic functions were measured simultaneously with automatic biochemical analyzer. Correlation between leptin and all the markers was then analyzed.

Colon-specific drug delivery systems based on cyclodextrin prodrugs: in vivo evaluation of 5-aminosalicylic acid from its cyclodextrin conjugates.

Aim: To investigate the release of cyclodextrin-5-aminosalicylic acid (CyD-5-ASA) in cecum and colon.

Methods: An anti-inflammatory drug 5-ASA was conjugated onto the hydroxyl groups of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CyDs) through an ester linkage, and the in vivo drug release behavior of these prodrugs in rat's gastrointestinal tract after the oral administration was investigated.

Results: The 5-ASA concentration in the rat's stomach and small intestine after the oral administration of CyD-5-ASA conjugate was much lower than that after the oral administration of 5-ASA alone.

[Correlation analysis of increase in serum level of leptin with that of C reactive protein, troponin T and endothelin in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

Objective: To determine serum leptin levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and coronary atherosclerosis (CS), and to analyze its correlation with C reactive protein (CRP), troponin T (TnT) and endothelin (ET).

Methods: Serum samples from confirmed AMI and CS patients were collected. Leptin and ET were assayed with high sensitive radioimmunoassay, TnT was determined with automatic biochemical analyser, and CRP was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).

[Changes of serum leptin level in pulmonary infection-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome].

Objective: To determine serum levels of leptin and some related cytokines in severely ill patients, including severe pulmonary infection-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and arrhythmia (AR), and to explore the possible role of leptin in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MODS.

Methods: Radioimmunoassay was used to determine leptin, fatty acid binding protein (FABP), transferrin (Ferr) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and enzyme-linked immuno adsorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess C reactive protein (CRP).

Results: Compared with normal individuals, leptin levels in MODS, AMI and AR patients increased significantly (all P<0.

Validation of an HPLC method for the determination of scutellarin in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetics.

A validated HPLC method was developed for the quantification of scutellarin in rat plasma using a liquid-liquid extraction and an ultraviolet detection. Chromatographic separation of scutellarin in plasma was performed on a C18 column, with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (23:77, v/v), adjusted to pH 2.5 with 1M phosphoric acid, and rutin was used as an internal standard.

Effect of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury on protein levels of leptin and orexin-A in peripheral blood and central secretory tissues.

Aim: To explore the effect of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury on protein levels of leptin and orexin-A in peripheral blood and their central secretory tissues and to find out the role leptin and orexin-A play in acute inflammatory responses.

Methods: An intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model of rats was established and rats were divided randomly into six groups: sham-operation group, 60 min ischemia/30 min reperfusion group (I60'R30'), I60'R90', I60'R150', I60'R240' and I60'R360', 9 rats each group. Two highly-sensitive radioimmunoassays for leptin and orexin-A were established and used to check the change of their concentrations in peripheral blood and central secretory tissues before and after intestinal I/R injury.