Drought dynamics in California and Mississippi: A wavelet analysis of meteorological to agricultural drought transition.

Understanding the transition from meteorological to agricultural drought is crucial for developing effective drought management strategies and early warning systems. This study provides a unique perspective by utilizing hybrid drought indices to explore the temporal and spatial complexities of drought propagation across two large watersheds-California and Mississippi-that feature distinct agro-climatic conditions and irrigation practices. We assess the links between meteorological drought, measured by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and agricultural drought using three indicators: Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI), GRACE Root Zone Soil Moisture Percentile (SMI), and the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI).

Insights into serum metabolic biomarkers for early detection of incident diabetic kidney disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by random forest.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Early detection is critical for the risk stratification and early intervention of progressive DKD. Serum creatinine (sCr) and urine output are used to assess kidney function, but these markers are limited by their delayed changes following kidney pathology, and lacking of both sensitivity and accuracy.

Long short-term memory models to quantify long-term evolution of streamflow discharge and groundwater depth in Alabama.

Long short-term memory (LSTM) models have been shown to be efficient for rainfall-runoff modeling, and to a lesser extent, for groundwater depth forecasting. In this study, LSTMs were applied to quantify the spatiotemporal evolution of surface and subsurface hydrographs in Alabama in the Southeastern United States, where water sustainability has not been fully quantified across spatiotemporal scales. First, the surface water LSTM model with extensive dynamic (precipitation and other weather variables) and static (basin characteristics) inputs predicted the main characteristics of streamflow for six years at 19 gauged basins in Alabama.

Artemether Alleviates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating Amino Acid Metabolism.

Diabetes is a worldwide metabolic disease with rapid growing incidence, characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), has a high morbidity according to the constantly increasing diabetic patients and always develops irreversible deterioration of renal function. Though different in pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapies, both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can evolve into DKD.

Fractal nature of groundwater level fluctuations affected by riparian zone vegetation water use and river stage variations.

Groundwater systems affected by various factors can exhibit complex fractal behaviors, whose reliable characterization however is not straightforward. This study explores the fractal scaling behavior of the groundwater systems affected by plant water use and river stage fluctuations in the riparian zone, using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). The multifractal spectrum based on the local Hurst exponent is used to quantify the complexity of fractal nature.

Temporal Scaling Analytical Method to Identify Multi-Fractionality in Groundwater Head Fluctuations.

Natural dynamics such as groundwater head fluctuations may exhibit multi-fractionality, likely caused by multi-scale aquifer heterogeneity and other controlling factors, whose statistics requires efficient quantification methods. As a scaling exponent, the Hurst exponent can describe the temporal correlation or multifractal behavior in groundwater level fluctuation processes. However, the scaling behavior may change with time under natural conditions, likely due to the non-stationary evolution of internal and external conditions, which cannot be characterized by traditional methods using a single or several scaling exponents for the complex features of the overall process.