Photochemical Transformation of Ibuprofen and Chlorophene Induced by Dissolved Organic Matter.

Both ibuprofen (IBP) and chlorophene (CP) are frequently detected contaminants in surface aqueous environment. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component in water with high photo-reactivity, playing an important role in the transformation processes of various organic pollutants. This study systematically studied the influence of DOM on the photochemical transformation of IBP and CP by using humic acid as model DOM.

Nurses' behaviours towards physical restraint use in the ICU: A descriptive qualitative study.

Aims And Objectives: The study aims to explore and describe nurses' behaviours towards physical restraint (PR) use in intensive care units (ICUs) and identify key characteristics of these experiences.

Background: Patients within the ICU are always vulnerable, which requires a thoughtful deliberation when employing PR in ethically laden situations. Considering that the qualitative study on nurses' behaviours towards PR use in ICUs is limited, a deep understanding of how nurses reason and restrict patients is necessary before developing a minimizing programme in hospitals.

Effect of different components of single superphosphate on organic matter degradation and maturity during pig manure composting.

Single superphosphate (SSP) as an additive could improve phosphorus availability and reduce nitrogen loss for composts, but few studies have explored the influence of SSP on the transformation of carbon fractions in composting. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of different components of SSP, including calcium dihydrogen phosphate (CDP), calcium sulfate (CS) and free acid (FA) on organic matter degradation and maturity during pig manure composting. The results showed that CDP had significantly negative effects on the duration of thermophilic phase and organic matter degradation, but lengthened the curing phase for the transformation of organic matter.

Influence of sulfate on the transport of bacteria in quartz sand.

The influence of sulfate on the transport of bacteria in packed quartz sand was examined at a constant 25mM ionic strength with the sulfate concentration progressively increased from 0 to 20mM at pH 6.0. Two representative cell types, Escherichia coli BL21 (Gram-negative) and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive), were used to determine the effect of sulfate on cell transport behavior.

Influence of nutrient conditions on the transport of bacteria in saturated porous media.

The influence of nutrient conditions on the transport of bacteria in packed porous media was examined in both NaCl and CaCl(2)-NaCl mixed solutions at pH 6.0. Two representative cell types, Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli DH5α (Gram-negative), were used to determine the influence of nutrient conditions on cell transport behavior.