Structural diversity-guided optimization of carbazole derivatives as potential cytotoxic agents.

Carbazole alkaloids, as an important class of natural products, have been widely reported to have extensive biological activities. Based on our previous three-component reaction to construct carbazole scaffolds, we introduced a methylene group to provide a rotatable bond, and designed series of carbazole derivatives with structural diversity including carbazole amide, carbazole hydrazide and carbazole hydrazone. All synthesized carbazole derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against 7901 (gastric adenocarcinoma), A875 (human melanoma) and MARC145 (African green monkey kidney) cell lines.

Enhanced Insecticidal Effect and Interface Behavior of Nicotine Hydrochloride Solution by a Vesicle Surfactant.

Nicotine hydrochloride (NCT) has a good control effect on hemiptera pests, but its poor interfacial behavior on the hydrophobic leaf leads to few practical applications. In this study, a vesicle solution by the eco-friendly surfactant, sodium diisooctyl succinate sulfonate (AOT), was prepared as the pesticide carrier for NCT. The physical chemical properties of NCT-loaded AOT vesicles (NCT/AOT) were investigated by techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM).

Discovery of γ-Lactam Alkaloid Derivatives as Potential Fungicidal Agents Targeting Steroid Biosynthesis.

Biological control of plant pathogens is considered as one of the green and effective technologies using beneficial microorganisms or microbial secondary metabolites against plant diseases, and so microbial natural products have played important roles in the research and development of new and green agrochemicals. To explore the potential applications for natural γ-lactam alkaloids and their derivatives, 26 γ-lactams that have flexible substituent patterns were synthesized and characterized, and their antifungal activities against eight kinds of plant pathogens belonging to oomycetes, basidiomycetes, and deuteromycetes were fully evaluated. In addition, the high potential compounds were further tested using an assay against blight of pepper to verify a practical application for controlling oomycete diseases.

Natural phenolic derivatives based on piperine scaffold as potential antifungal agents.

Piperine is a natural alkaloid with a wide range of biological functions. Natural phenolic compounds existed in many essential oils (EOs) are plant-derived aroma compounds with broad range of biological activities, however, their actions are slow, and they are typically unstable to light or heat, difficult to extract and so on. In order to find high-potential fungicides derived from piperine, a series of piperine-directed essential oil derivatives were designed and synthesized.

Discovery of γ-lactam derivatives containing 1,3-benzodioxole unit as potential anti-phytopathogenic fungus agents.

A series of γ-lactam analogs containing 1,3-benzodioxole moiety were designed, and these derivatives were synthesized from the lead compound of lactam via a structural diversity-oriented synthesis, their structures were confirmed by HNMR,CNMR, ESI-MS spectrum. Their antifungal activities were evaluated against four serious and typically crop-threatening agricultural fungi, including Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria tenuis Nees, Gloeosporium theae-sinensis, and Fusarium graminearum. Some of these derivatives exhibited activity against Alternaria tenuis Nees higher than that of commercial fungicides carbendazim, such as compounds 7a, 7b, and 7i, compared with the blank control, some of these derivatives showed good antifungal activities against Gloeosporium theae-sinensis and Fusarium graminearum.

Heterocyclic lactam derivatives containing piperonyl moiety as potential antifungal agents.

To study the novel functionalized heterocyclic molecules with highly potential biological activity, two series of heterocyclic lactam derivatives containing the piperonyl moiety were designed and synthesized. The newly obtained compounds have been identified on the basis of analytical spectral data, including H NMR, C NMR, and ESI-MS. The target compounds were evaluated for their potential antifungal activities in vitro against twelve species of the plant pathogen fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Rap Sclerotinia stemrot, Fusarium graminearum, Phomopsis adianticola, Pestallozzia theae, Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Alternaria tenuis Nees, Monilinia fructicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici, Magnaporthe oryzae).

Amino acid-oriented poly-substituted heterocyclic tetramic acid derivatives as potential antifungal agents.

In order to find new potential pesticide molecules with antifungal activities, we have designed and synthesized a series of amino acid-oriented poly-substituted tetramic acid derivatives, and evaluated their potential antifungal activities against six kinds of plant pathogenic fungus commonly found in agriculture systematically, including Phomopsis adianticola, Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria tenuis Nees, Magnaporthe oryzae, Gloeosporium theae-sinensis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. According to the preliminary bioassay studies, all tested molecules, especially compounds I-2, I-5, I-12, I-15, exhibited significant and broad-spectrum anti-fungal effect in vitro compared to the intermediates M-1, M-2, M-3 and hymexazol. What's more, the inhibition rate of compounds I-5, I-6, I-15 against Phomopsis adianticola reached 74.

Synthesis and Bio-Evaluation of Natural Butenolides-Acrylate Conjugates.

A series of novel 3-aryl-4-hydroxy-2(5) furanone-acrylate hybrids were designed and synthesized based on the natural butenolides and acrylates scaffolds. The structures of the prepared compounds were characterized by ¹H-NMR, C-NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the bioactivity of the target compounds against twelve phytopathogenic fungi was investigated. The preliminary in vitro antifungal activity screening showed that most of the target compounds had moderate inhibition on various pathogenic fungi at the concentration of 100 mg·L, and presented broad-spectrum antifungal activities.

Heterocyclic pyrrolizinone and indolizinones derived from natural lactam as potential antifungal agents.

With the aim to develop highly potential active heterocyclic compounds, two series of multi-substituted pyrrolizinone and indolizinones derived from lactam were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their potential antifungal activities against six species of the plant pathogen fungi (Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phomopsis adianticola, Gloeosporium theae-sinensis, Alternaria tenuis Nees, Magnaporthe oryzae). The structure of all the newly molecules were confirmed by analytical spectroscopic data, including H NMR, C NMR and ESI-MS. According to the preliminary studies on bio-evaluation assay, some of the obtained compounds exhibited moderate and broad-spectrum activities against six fungi compared to the intermediates 6a, 6f and the hymexazol.

Asymmetric synthesis of novel triazole derivatives and their in vitro antiviral activity and mechanism of action.

In this study, forty-four chiral triazole derivatives have been prepared via asymmetric synthesis, and which has been successfully characterized by typical spectroscopic techniques including H NMR, C NMR, EI-MS, elemental analysis and optical rotations. Their in vitro antiviral activities against EV71 and CVB3 were fully investigated in cell-based assays. It was observed that 13 synthetic triazole derivatives inhibited the CPE of EV71 on RD cells, with EC in the 5.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Essential Oil-Derived β-Methoxyacrylate Derivatives as High Potential Fungicides.

Essential oils (EOs) are plant-derived aroma compounds with a wide range of biological activity, but their actions are slow, and they are typically unstable to light or heat, difficult to extract and so on. To find highly potential fungicides derived from natural EOs, a series of essential oil-based β-methoxyacrylate derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The target compounds have been screened for their potential fungicidal activity against eleven species of plant pathogen fungi, including , , , , etc.

Peptidomimetics Based On Dehydroepiandrosterone Scaffold: Synthesis, Antiproliferation Activity, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Mechanisms.

A series of novel peptidomimetics bearing dehydroepiandrosterone moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibition activities against cell proliferation. According to the preliminary studies on inhibitory activities, some of the newly prepared compounds indicated significantly inhibition activities against human hepatoma cancer (HepG2), human lung cancer (A549), human melanoma (A875) cell lines compared with the control 5-fluorouracil. Especially, compounds Ii (IC50 < 14 μM) and Ik (IC50 < 13 μM) exhibited obvious inhibition activities against all tested cell lines.

Acylthiourea derivatives as colorimetric sensors for anions: Synthesis, characterization and spectral behaviors.

Several acylthioureas have been synthesized to develop colorimetric sensors for detection of biologically important anions. UV-vis titration experiments indicated that the absorbance values have a good linear relationship with concentration of anions when the anions were added in AR-1, AR-4 and AR-6 sensor molecules. The detection limit to AcO(-) and F(-) is 5×10(-6) mol/L when the concentration of receptors are 2×10(-5) mol/L.

Asymmetric syntheses and bio-evaluation of novel chiral esters derived from substituted tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol.

A series of novel chiral esters derived from tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol were designed and prepared via asymmetric synthesis. The target molecules have been identified on the basis of analytical spectra data. All newly synthesized compounds have been screened their potential insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella compared with those of fenvalerate and d-trans-phenothrin by standard method, and the respective pairs of enantiomers (3-B1-R/S, 3-C1-R/S, 3-D1-R/S) indicated significantly different activities.

Novel salicylic acid-oriented thiourea-type receptors as colorimetric chemosensor: synthesis, characterizations and selective naked-eye recognition properties.

Based on the salicylic acid backbone, three highly sensitive and selective colorimetric chemosensors with an acylthiourea binding unit have been designed, synthesized and characterized. These chemosensors have been utilized for selective recognition of fluoride anions in dry DMSO solution by typical spectroscopic titration techniques. Furthermore, the obtained chemosensors AR1-3 have shown naked-eye sensitivity for detection of biologically important fluoride ion over other anions in solution.

Heterocycle-functional gramine analogues: solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis and their inhibition activities against cell proliferation.

A series of novel gramine analogues were designed and synthesized via a convenient three-component reaction, and which were evaluated for their inhibition activities against cell proliferation. Their structures were confirmed by satisfactory spectra analyses mainly including (1)H NMR, and ESI-MS analyses. The preliminary assays indicated that some of the newly synthesized compounds displayed significantly good inhibition activities against human lung cancer (NCI-H460), hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2), gastric cancer (SGC-7901 and BGC-823) cell lines compared with the control 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which might be developed as novel lead scaffold for potential anticancer agents.

N-nitrourea derivatives as novel potential fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani: synthesis, antifungal activities, and 3D-QSAR.

A series of N-nitrourea derivatives bearing various aryl substituents were conveniently obtained via three steps including nitration, carbamic chlorination, and aminolysis reactions. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds were characterized and confirmed by IR, ¹H-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassays indicate that five compounds possess sufficient fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani.

Adsorptive separation and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye on titanate nanotube powders prepared by hydrothermal process using metal Ti particles as a precursor.

Titanate nanotube powders (TNTPs) with the twofold removal ability, i.e. adsorptive separation and photocatalytic degradation, are synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using metal Ti particles as a precursor in the concentrated alkaline solution, and their morphology, structure, adsorptive and photocatalytic properties are investigated.

Determination of stereoselective interaction between enantiomers of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and Penicillium digitatum.

A series of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives has been synthesized and the respective analogues have been tested for their inhibitory activities against Penicillium digitatum (P. digitatum). In vitro experiments were indicative of a strong inhibitory effect of all of the compounds on P.

Chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as highly potential antifungal agents: Design, synthesis, structure, and in vitro fungicidal activities.

A novel series of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as highly potential antifungal agents have been designed and synthesized conveniently by using the chiral auxiliary as a controlling reagent. All of the compounds exhibit moderate to high ee values reaching up to 99%, and the preliminary bioassay results demonstrated that most of the target compounds take on a significantly wide spectrum activity against Fusarium oxysporium, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinereapers, Gibberella zeae, Dothiorella gregaria, and Colletotrichum gossypii species.

N-[2-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)propano-yl]-1-methyl-bornane-10,2-sultam.

In the mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(20)H(26)ClNO(3)S, the six-membered ring of the bornane unit shows a boat conformation, while the five-membered ring of the sultam unit adopts a twist conformation. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are connected by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a chain running along the b axis. Intramolecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds are also present.