Integrated analysis of DNA methylome and transcriptome revealing epigenetic regulation of CRIR1-promoted cold tolerance.

Background: DNA methylation contributes to the epigenetic regulation of nuclear gene expression, and is associated with plant growth, development, and stress responses. Compelling evidence has emerged that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulates DNA methylation. Previous genetic and physiological evidence indicates that lncRNA-CRIR1 plays a positive role in the responses of cassava plants to cold stress.

Blockade of CCR5 suppresses paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain caused by increased deoxycholic acid.

Paclitaxel leads to peripheral neuropathy (paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy [PIPN]) in approximately 50% of cancer patients. At present, there are no effective treatment strategies for PIPN, the mechanisms of which also remain unclear. In this study, we performed microbiome and metabolome analysis of feces and serum from breast cancer patients with different PIPN grades due to paclitaxel treatment.

Single-Cell Mapping of Brain Myeloid Cell Subsets Reveals Key Transcriptomic Changes Favoring Neuroplasticity after Ischemic Stroke.

Interactions between brain-resident and peripheral infiltrated immune cells are thought to contribute to neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia. However, conventional bulk sequencing makes it challenging to depict this complex immune network. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we mapped compositional and transcriptional features of peri-infarct immune cells.

Turnip crinkle virus-encoded suppressor of RNA silencing suppresses mRNA decay by interacting with Arabidopsis XRN4.

Plant cells employ intricate defense mechanisms, including mRNA decay pathways, to counter viral infections. Among the RNA quality control (RQC) mechanisms, nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), no-go decay (NGD), and nonstop decay (NSD) pathways play critical roles in recognizing and cleaving aberrant mRNA molecules. Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a plant virus that triggers mRNA decay pathways, but it has also evolved strategies to evade this antiviral defense.

CBCT-based synthetic CT generated using CycleGAN with HU correction for adaptive radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

This study aims to utilize a hybrid approach of phantom correction and deep learning for synthesized CT (sCT) images generation based on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). 52 CBCT/CT paired images of NPC patients were used for model training (41), validation (11). Hounsfield Units (HU) of the CBCT images was calibrated by a commercially available CIRS phantom.

Turnip crinkle virus-encoded suppressor of RNA silencing interacts with Arabidopsis SGS3 to enhance virus infection.

Most plant viruses encode suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to protect themselves from antiviral RNA silencing in host plants. The capsid protein (CP) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a well-characterized VSR, whereas SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3) is an important plant-encoded component of the RNA silencing pathways. Whether the VSR activity of TCV CP requires it to engage SGS3 in plant cells has yet to be investigated.

MicroRNA-598 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells by directly targeting ZEB2.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.

Evaluation of auto-planning in VMAT for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a commercially available Auto-Planning module for the radiation therapy treatment planning for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). 22 patients with locally advanced NPC were included in this study. For each patient, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were generated both manually by an experienced physicist and automatically by the Auto-Planning module.

Crosstalk between peripheral and the brain-resident immune components in epilepsy.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurology diseases. It is characterized by recurrent, spontaneous seizures and accompanied by various comorbidities which can significantly affect a person's life. Accumulating evidence indicates an essential pathophysiological role for neuroinflammation in epilepsy, which involves activation of microglia and astrocytes, recruitment of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system, and release of some inflammatory mediators, including pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome-Like Polyneuropathy Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of 33 Cases.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly used in the treatment of various types of tumors with favorable results. But these treatments also led to a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Neurological irAEs such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome are rare and may have serious consequences once they occur.

Ketogenic diet prevents paclitaxel-induced neuropathic nociception through activation of PPARγ signalling pathway and inhibition of neuroinflammation in rat dorsal root ganglion.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect during the course of cancer treatment, which is mainly manifested as a series of sensory abnormalities. At present, there are no recommended prevention or treatment strategies, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The ketogenic diet (KD), a special diet that is high in fat and low in carbohydrate intake, shows good therapeutic potential in children with epilepsy.

Overview on urinary tract infection, bacterial agents, and antibiotic resistance pattern in renal transplant recipients.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a mainly common infection in kidney transplant recipients. This study decided to investigate UTI, bacterial agents, and antibiotic resistance pattern in kidney transplant recipients from Iran.

Materials And Methods: Search process was conducted for UTI, bacterial agents, and antibiotic resistance pattern in kidney transplant recipients from Iran via electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, etc.

Electrophysiological characteristics of patients with nitrous oxide abuse.

: In the young generations with nitrous oxide abuse (NO), featured electrophysiological response of the peripheral neuropathy caused by nitrous oxide remains to be defined.: Patients with nitrous oxide abuse (20 cases), two variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), that is, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (GBS-AIDP, 19 cases) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (GBS-AMAN, 18 cases), as well as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN, 20 cases) were enrolled into this study. Electrophysiological parameters including distal motor latency (DML), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), amplitudes of compound muscle action potential (CMAP), and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) were measured and analyzed by comparing the parameters between the aforementioned patients groups as well as normal control group (20 subjects).

Simultaneous silencing of two different Arabidopsis genes with a novel virus-induced gene silencing vector.

Background: Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a useful tool for functional characterizations of plant genes. However, the penetrance of VIGS varies depending on the genes to be silenced, and has to be evaluated by examining the transcript levels of target genes.

Results: In this report, we report the development of a novel VIGS vector that permits a preliminary assessment of the silencing penetrance.

Communications Between Peripheral and the Brain-Resident Immune System in Neuronal Regeneration After Stroke.

Cerebral ischemia may cause irreversible neural network damage and result in functional deficits. Targeting neuronal repair after stroke potentiates the formation of new connections, which can be translated into a better functional outcome. Innate and adaptive immune responses in the brain and the periphery triggered by ischemic damage participate in regulating neural repair after a stroke.

Automated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning for Cervical Cancer Based on Convolution Neural Network.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate an automatic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) program for cervical cancer, including a Convolution Neural Network (CNN)-based prediction model and an automated optimization strategy.

Methods: A CNN deep learning model was trained to predict a patient-specify set of IMRT objectives based on overlap volume histograms (OVH) and high-quality plan of previous patients. A total of 140 cervical cancer patients were enrolled in this study, including 100 patients in the training set, 20 patients in the validation set and 20 patients in the testing set.

Peripheral and Central Nervous System Immune Response Crosstalk in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by muscle weakness due to the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Neuroinflammation is known as a prominent pathological feature of ALS. Although neuroinflammation cannot trigger ALS, activated central nervous system (CNS) microglia and astrocytes, proinflammatory periphery monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes, and infiltrated monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes, as well as the immunoreactive molecules they release, are closely related to disease progression.

Activation of GABAA receptors enhances the behavioral recovery but not axonal sprouting in ischemic rats.

Background: GABAA receptors modulate the behavioral recovery encountered in both experimental animals and patients with ischemic injury, possibly through promoting structural plasticity. We hypothesized that activation of GABAA receptors would regulate axonal growth, which in turn would improve the behavioral recovery in ischemic rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of muscimol on axonal growth, synaptic plasticity and behavioral performance in rats after a focal ischemia induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1).

Dl-3-n-butylphthalide promotes remyelination process in cerebral white matter in rats subjected to ischemic stroke.

Remyelination has been widely noticed as an important repair mechanism triggered after a stroke-induced white matter injury, but it often fails due to the lack of recruitment of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to the demyelinated area and the inadequate differentiation of OPCs. Racemic dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) has been reported to improve the functional recovery in animal models of vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke. Dl-NBP (70 mg/kg) by oral gavage for two weeks from day 7 after a stroke was administered in the study, the treatment promoted differentiation and maturation of OPCs in perilesional white matter and enhanced the length of crossing corticospinal tract (CST) fibers into the denervated hemispheres.

MicroRNA-598 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells by directly targeting ZEB2.

An increasing number of studies have observed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and that their aberrant expression links with the progression and development of NSCLC. Therefore, it is necessary to full elucidate the specific roles of miRNAs in NSCLC, as this may facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In the present study, it was observed that miRNA-598 (miR-598) expression was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines.

[The Effect of miR-17-5p on Vascular Lesion and Expression of VLDLR in Atherosclerotic Mice].

Objective: To investigate the effect of miR-17-5p on vascular lesion and expression of very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) in atherosclerotic (AS) mice.

Methods: -/- mice were fed with high fat diet for 15 weeks to establish atherosclerotic mice models, and these mice were injected with miR-17-5p inhibitor antagomiR-17-5p 20 mg/kg from week 13 to week 15 to interfere the expression of miR-17-5p. AS model group (injection of normal saline) and NC miRNA group (injection of negative control inhibitors) were set and C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal diet for 15 weeks as normal control group (NC group, injection of normal saline during week 13-15).

The Role of SDF-1/CXCR4/CXCR7 in Neuronal Regeneration after Cerebral Ischemia.

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 is a chemoattractant produced by bone marrow stromal cell lines. It is recognized as a critical factor in the immune and central nervous systems (CNSs) as well as exerting a role in cancer. SDF-1 activates two G protein-coupled receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7; these are expressed in both developing and mature CNSs and participate in multiple physiological and pathological events, e.