Elevated protein lactylation promotes immunosuppressive microenvironment and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Metabolic reprogramming shapes tumor microenvironment (TME) and may lead to immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Elucidating the impact of pancreatic cancer cell metabolism in the TME is essential to therapeutic interventions. "Immune cold" PDAC is characterized by elevated lactate levels resulting from tumor cell metabolism, abundance of pro-tumor macrophages, and reduced cytotoxic T cell in the TME.

Interplay between Skeletal Muscle Catabolism and Remodeling of Arteriovenous Fistula via YAP1 Signaling.

Background: Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas are the preferred access for dialysis but have a high incidence of failure. This study aims to understand the crosstalk between skeletal muscle catabolism and AV fistula maturation failure.

Methods: Skeletal muscle metabolism and AV fistula maturation were evaluated in mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Attention-aware differential learning for predicting peptide-MHC class I binding and T cell receptor recognition.

The identification of neoantigens is crucial for advancing vaccines, diagnostics, and immunotherapies. Despite this importance, a fundamental question remains: how to model the presentation of neoantigens by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and the recognition of the peptide-MHC-I (pMHC-I) complex by T cell receptors (TCRs). Accurate prediction of pMHC-I binding and TCR recognition remains a significant computational challenge in immunology due to intricate binding motifs and the long-tail distribution of known binding pairs in public databases.

Novel genetic insight for psoriasis: integrative genome-wide analyses in 863 080 individuals and proteome-wide Mendelian randomization.

Psoriasis affects a significant proportion of the worldwide population and causes an extremely heavy psychological and physical burden. The existing therapeutic schemes have many deficiencies such as limited efficacies and various side effects. Therefore, novel ways of treating psoriasis are urgently needed.

Increased plasma interleukin-1β is associated with accelerated lung function decline in non-smokers.

Interleukin-1β is one of the major cytokines involved in the initiation and persistence of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the association between plasma interleukin-1β and lung function decline remains unclear. We aimed to explore the association between plasma interleukin-1β and lung function decline.

Automatic Quality Control System and Adenoma Detection Rates During Routine Colonoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: High-quality colonoscopy reduces the risks of colorectal cancer by increasing the adenoma detection rate. Routine use of an automatic quality control system (AQCS) to assist in colorectal adenoma detection should be considered.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an AQCS on the adenoma detection rate among colonoscopists who were moderate- and low-level detectors during routine colonoscopy.

Registered reports in psychology across scholarly citations and public dissemination: A comparative metaevaluation of more than a decade of practice.

After more than a decade of practice, registered reports (RRs) are widely adopted in psychology. However, the acceptance of RRs in terms of postpublication academic recognition and public dissemination, compared with nonregistered reports (non-RR), remained largely unexplored. This matched meta-evaluation identified and analyzed 119 pairs of original research articles (RR vs.

The involuntary experience of digital exclusion among older adults: A taxonomy and theoretical framework.

The emerging phenomenon of digital exclusion raises an important issue that not everyone is equally engaged in and can benefit from the digital world. Older adults are particularly susceptible to digital exclusion, but a comprehensive conceptual treatment of digital exclusion in older adults is lacking in the psychology literature. In this article, we provide a taxonomy to advance the literature on digital exclusion in older adults, identifying key conceptual attributes of older adults' digital exclusion experiences by articulating both structural (i.

Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in Ferromagnetic FeGeTe and Josephson Tunneling through a van der Waals Heterojunction.

Synergy between superconductivity and ferromagnetism may offer great opportunities in nondissipative spintronics and topological quantum computing. Yet at the microscopic level, the exchange splitting of the electronic states responsible for ferromagnetism is inherently incompatible with the spin-singlet nature of conventional superconducting Cooper pairs. Here, we exploit the recently discovered van der Waals ferromagnets as enabling platforms with marvelous controllability to unravel the myth between ferromagnetism and superconductivity.

BCT-Net: semantic-guided breast cancer segmentation on BUS.

Accurately and swiftly segmenting breast tumors is significant for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasound imaging stands as one of the widely employed methods in clinical practice. However, due to challenges such as low contrast, blurred boundaries, and prevalent shadows in ultrasound images, tumor segmentation remains a daunting task.

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness and Engagement Among MSM at High Risk of HIV Infection in China: A Multi-City Cross-Sectional Survey.

This study aimed to explore the awareness, willingness, and engagement with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among high-risk Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) and to investigate the factors influencing its use. A cross-sectional survey of 1800 HIV-negative MSM was conducted in Chengdu, Suzhou, and Wuhan between June 2022 and February 2023 through in-person and online recruitment methods. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of PrEP use.

Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.

The co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has led to co-infection events, primarily affecting children and older adults, who are at higher risk for severe disease. Although co-infection prevalence is relatively low, it is associated with worse outcomes compared to mono-infections. Previous studies have shown that the outcomes of co-infection depend on multiple factors, including viral interference, virus-host interaction and host response.

Adenine base editor corrected ADPKD point mutations in hiPSCs and kidney organoids.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a dominant genetic disorder caused primarily by mutations in the PKD1 gene, resulting in the formation of numerous cysts and eventually kidney failure. However, there are currently no gene therapy studies aimed at correcting PKD1 gene mutations. In this study, we identified two mutation sites associated with ADPKD, c.

Significance of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs) metabolism in plants.

Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs) are a kind of polysaccharide containing D-galactose, and they widely exist in higher plants. Synthesis of RFOs begins with galactinol synthase (GolS; EC 2.4.

Unlocking 3D printing technology for microalgal production and application.

Microalgae offer a promising alternative for sustainable nutritional supplements and functional food ingredients and hold potential to meet the growing demand for nutritious and eco-friendly food alternatives. With the escalating impacts of global climate change and increasing human activities, microalgal production must be enhanced by reducing freshwater and land use and minimizing carbon emissions. The advent of 3D printing offers novel opportunities for optimizing microalgae production, though it faces challenges such as high production costs and scalability concerns.

Optimization of central carbon metabolism by Warburg effect of human cancer cell improves triterpenes biosynthesis in yeast.

Optimizing central carbon metabolism (CCM) represents an attractive and challenging strategy to improve the biosynthesis of valuable chemicals due to the complex regulation of the CCM in yeast. In this study, we triggered the similar Warburg effect of cancer cells in yeast strains by introducing the human hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) complex, which regulated the expression of numerous enzymes involved in CCM and redirected the metabolic flux from glycolysis to tricarboxylic acid cycle. This redirection promoted the production of squalene to a 2.

Elimination of Decapod iridovirus 1 (DIV1) infection at high water temperature: a new environmental control strategy.

Decapod iridovirus 1 (DIV1) poses a major challenge to sustainable shrimp farming and poses a serious hazard to aquaculture industry. This study investigated the complex interaction between DIV1 infection and water temperature, focusing on the effect of high temperature on DIV1 infection due to Penaeus monodon. Using models of latent and acute infection, the study revealed the response of P.

Development of a CRISPR-Cas12a based assay for the detection of swine enteric coronaviruses in pig herds in China.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) rank among the most frequently encountered swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs), leading to substantial economic losses to the swine industry. The availability of a rapid and highly sensitive detection method proves beneficial for the monitoring and surveillance of SECoVs. Based on the N genes of four distinct SECoVs, a novel detection method was developed in this study by combining recombinant enzyme polymerase isothermal amplification (RPA) with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated proteins (Cas) 12a.

Mechanisms underlying the interactions and adaptability of nitrogen removal microorganisms in freshwater sediments.

Microorganisms in eutrophic water play a vital role in nitrogen (N) removal, which contributes significantly to the nutrient cycling and sustainability of eutrophic ecosystems. However, the mechanisms underlying the interactions and adaptation strategies of the N removal microorganisms in eutrophic ecosystems remain unclear. We thus analyzed field sediments collected from a eutrophic freshwater ecosystem, enriched the N removal microorganisms, examined their function and adaptability through amplicon, metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing.

Hydrogen Sulfide (HS) Generated in the Colon Induces Neuropathic Pain by Activating Spinal NMDA Receptors in a Rodent Model of Chronic Constriction Injury.

Neuropathic pain (NP) imposes a significant burden on individuals, manifesting as nociceptive anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, and spontaneous pain. Previous studies have shown that traumatic stress in the nervous system can lead to excessive production of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in the gut. As a toxic gas, it can damage the nervous system through the gut-brain axis.

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Complex Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with the Dual SGLT Inhibitor Sotagliflozin: A Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Scientific publications have shown sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors to have several beneficial effects in patients with complex type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1) inhibitor is still under investigation in clinical trials. Recently, a dual inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT1/2), sotagliflozin, has been approved for use in patients with T2DM.

The ability of CD4CD8 T cells to distinguish between Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and pediatric infectious mononucleosis.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) and infectious mononucleosis (IM) are characterized by fever, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly, but HLH has a 50% lethality rate. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the laboratory findings in differentiating EBV-HLH children from IM children who have fever, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. A total of 131 IM patients and 29 EBV-HLH pediatric patients with fever, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly were enrolled in our study.

Lipid Levels and Lung Cancer Risk: Findings from the Taiwan National Data Systems from 2012 to 2018.

Background: Lipids are known to be involved in carcinogenesis, but the associations between lipid profiles and different lung cancer histological classifications remain unknown.

Methods: Individuals who participated in national adult health surveillance from 2012 to 2018 were included. For patients who developed lung cancer during follow-up, a 1:2 control group of nonlung cancer participants was selected after matching.

Growth trajectory of Yiling sheep and its related genetic parameters.

Growth traits are one of the focuses of sheep breeding, and growth curve is an effective method to describe growth traits. The body weight of Yiling sheep at 0, 120, 180, 360 and 540 days of age were fitted with five common nonlinear growth models: Logistic, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Brody and Negative exponential, and the growth models were evaluated by goodness of fit standard. The results showed that the Von Bertalanffy model was suitable for characterizing the growth of Yiling sheep.