Effects of Ammonia Stress on Liver Tissue Structure, Enzyme Activities, and Metabolome of Juvenile Largemouth Bass .

Ammonia, a ubiquitous contaminant in aquatic ecosystems, poses multifaceted threats to fish species at elevated concentrations. In order to investigate the toxic effects of chronic ammonia stress on the liver of juvenile , the present experiment was conducted to investigate the differences in changes in liver tissue structure, enzyme activities, and metabolomes after 28 days of ammonia exposure (0, 4, 8, and 16 mg/L). The findings revealed that ammonia exposure induced significant oxidative stress in the liver, manifesting in decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px, elevated levels of GSH, GST, and MDA, and heightened activities of immune enzymes LZM, ALP, and ACP.

Enhanced iodinated disinfection byproducts formation in iodide/iodate-containing water undergoing UV-chloramine sequential disinfection: Machine learning-aided identification of reaction mechanisms.

Restricted to the complex nature of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in various aquatic environments, the mechanisms of enhanced iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) formation in water containing both I and IO (designated as I/IO in this study) during the ultraviolet (UV)-chloramine sequential disinfection process remains unclear. In this study, four machine learning (ML) models were established to predict I-DBP formation by using DOM and disinfection features as input variables. Extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm outperformed the others in model development using synthetic waters and in cross-dataset generalization of surface waters.

Hypoxia-induced physiological responses in fish: From organism to tissue to molecular levels.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) in water bodies is a prerequisite for fish survival and plays a crucial role in fish growth, development, and physiological processes. However, with increasing eutrophication, greenhouse effects, and extreme weather conditions, DO levels in aquatic environments often become lower than normal. This leads to stress in fish, causing them to exhibit escape behavior, inhibits their growth and development, and causes tissue damage.

Comparative evaluation of nutritional quality and flavor characteristics for muscle in different aquaculture systems.

To investigate the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of muscle cultivated in the pond (P), in-pond raceway (IPRS), and industrial aquaponics (ARAS) systems, we comprehensively analyzed texture properties, nutrient compositions, and volatile compounds. Our results revealed firmer flesh in P-cultured fish due to greater hardness and mastication. ARAS fish exhibited lower crude fat but higher crude protein and muscle glycogen.

Exploring the associations between gut microbiota composition and SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine response in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Unlabelled: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is crucial for protecting vulnerable individuals, yet individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often exhibit impaired vaccine responses. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition of the host microbiota, crucial in immune regulation and development, influences vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to characterize the relationships between the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and the host microbiota (specifically, gut and lung microbiota) of C57BL/6 mice with T2DM.

Enhancing Protein Solubility via Glycosylation: From Chemical Synthesis to Machine Learning Predictions.

Glycosylation is a valuable tool for modulating protein solubility; however, the lack of reliable research strategies has impeded efficient progress in understanding and applying this modification. This study aimed to bridge this gap by investigating the solubility of a model glycoprotein molecule, the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), through a two-stage process. In the first stage, an approach involving chemical synthesis, comparative analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations of a library of glycoforms was employed to elucidate the effect of different glycosylation patterns on solubility and the key factors responsible for the effect.

Investigating the effect of volatility on the hygroscopicities of acetate nanoparticle aerosols by surface plasmon resonance microscopy.

Under high relative humidity (RH) conditions, the release of volatile components (such as acetate) has a significant impact on the aerosol hygroscopicity. In this work, one surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) measurement system was introduced to determine the hygroscopic growth factors (GFs) of three acetate aerosols separately or mixed with glucose at different RHs. For Ca(CHCOO) or Mg(CHCOO) aerosols, the hygroscopic growth trend of each time was lower than that of the previous time in three cyclic humidification from 70% RH to 90% RH, which may be due to the volatility of acetic acid leading to the formation of insoluble hydroxide (Ca(OH) or Mg(OH)) under high RH conditions.

Strontium ranelate enriched Ruminococcus albus in the gut microbiome of Sprague-Dawley rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Background: Gut microbiome is critical to our human health and is related to postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Strontium ranelate (SrR) is an anti-osteoporosis oral drug that can promote osteoblast formation and inhibit osteoclast formation. However, the effect of SrR on gut microbiome has been rarely studied.

Recombinant human thrombopoietin promotes platelet recovery in DCAG-treated patients with intermediate-high-risk MDS/hypoproliferative AML.

Background: This study aimed to explore the effects of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on platelet recovery in decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and G-CSF (DCAG)-treated patients with intermediate-high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome/hypo proliferative acute myeloid leukemia.

Methods: Recruited patients were at a ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups: the rhTPO group (DCAG + rhTPO) and control group (DCAG). The primary endpoint was the time for platelets to recover to ≥ 20 × 109/L.

Paleoenvironment and Organic Characterization of the Lower Cretaceous Lacustrine Source Rocks in the Erlian Basin: The Influence of Hydrothermal and Volcanic Activity on the Source Rock Quality.

Lower Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks in the Erlian Basin are highly heterogeneous. It is important to assess and explain these heterogeneities for the reconstruction of paleoenvironments and the prediction of high-quality source rock distributions. In this study, well-logging, organic, and elemental geochemical data were comprehensively analyzed for the source rocks of Member 4 of the Aershan Formation (Fm) and Member 1 of the Tengger Fm in the southern Bayindulan (BNAN), southern Wulanhua (WLHs), Anan, Aer, and southern Wuliyasitai sags of the Erlian Basin.

Investigating the hygroscopicities of calcium and magnesium salt particles aged with SO using surface plasmon resonance microscopy.

The hygroscopicities of calcium and magnesium salts strongly affect the environment and climate, but the aging products of these salts at high relative humidities (RHs) are still poorly understood. In this study, surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) was used to determine the hygroscopic growth factors (GFs) of Ca(NO) and Mg(NO) separately or mixed with galactose at different mass ratios at different RHs before and after aging. For all particles, the measured GFs showed no indication of deliquescence across the range of RHs tested, and overall hygroscopicity was clearly lower after than before aging.

Retrieval of refractive index of ultrafine single particle using hygroscopic growth factor obtained by high sensitive surface plasmon resonance microscopy.

When exposed to different relative humidities (RHs), the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols will change because of changes in the aerosol particle size and complex refractive index (RI), which will affect haze formation and global climate change. The potential contributions of ultrafine particles to the atmospheric optical characteristics and to haze spreading cannot be ignored because of their high particle number concentrations and strong diffusibility; measurement of the optical properties of wet ultrafine particles is thus highly important for environmental assessment. Therefore, a surface plasmon resonance microscopy with azimuthal rotation illumination (SPRM-ARI) system is designed to determine the RIs of single particle aerosols with diameters of less than 100 nm in the hygroscopic growth process.

Poroptosis: A form of cell death depending on plasma membrane nanopores formation.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) in malignant cells can decrease tumor burden and activate antitumor immune response to obtain lasting antitumor immunity, leading to the elimination of distant metastases and prevention of recurrence. Here, we reveal that ppM1 peptide is capable of forming irreparable transmembrane pores on tumor cell membrane, leading to ICD which we name poroptosis. Poroptosis is directly dependent on cell membrane nanopores regardless of the upstream signaling of cell death.

Vertical profile of aerosol number size distribution during a haze pollution episode in Hefei, China.

The vertical distribution of aerosols has important implications on haze formation as development, which is manifested to some extent by the planetary boundary layer (PBL)-aerosol interactions. Information on the number concentration and size of particles is essential to understand these processes, but studies on vertical profiles of particle number-size distribution are limited. Herein, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a custom-built optical particle counter (0.

Characterization of submicron aerosol particles in winter at Albany, New York.

A thorough understanding of chemical composition, particle pH, and pollutant emissions is essential to address the climate and human health effects of atmospheric particles. In this study, we used a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) to characterize the composition of submicron particles. Moreover, we applied the ISORROPIA-II model to analyze the particle acidity effect on the compositional characterization of submicron particles from December 22, 2016 to January 7, 2017 in Albany, New York, USA.

Bilateral carotid cavernous fistula after trauma: a case report and literature review.

Background: Carotid cavernous fistula is a rare complication that is typically associated with head trauma and skull base fractures. The traumatic bilateral carotid cavernous fistula are significantly rarer.

Case Presentations: We report a case of a 61-year-old man presenting with unilateral exophthalmos, swollen eyelids, conjunctival congestion, and edema etiologically associated with severe trauma.

PPARα Inhibition Overcomes Tumor-Derived Exosomal Lipid-Induced Dendritic Cell Dysfunction.

Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate the initiation, programming, and regulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Emerging evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces immune dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs), characterized with both increased intracellular lipid content and mitochondrial respiration. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unclear.

Poplar bark lipids enhance mouse immunity by inducing T cell proliferation and differentiation.

Research on the composition and application of immune enhancers in livestock and poultry breeding has been gaining interest in recent years. Poplar bark lipids (PBLs), which are extracted from poplar tree bark, are natural substances known to efficiently enhance the immune response. To understand the chemical makeup of PBLs and their underlying mechanism for enhancing the immune system, we extracted PBLs from poplar bark using petroleum ether and subjected these extracts to chemical analysis.

Occurrence of two NDM-1-producing Raoultella ornithinolytica and Enterobacter cloacae in a single patient in China: probable a novel antimicrobial resistance plasmid transfer in vivo by conjugation.

Objectives: To identify the general features of acquisition of drug-resistance genes in two multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from a single patient in China.

Methods: The whole-plasmid was sequenced by Illumina Hiseq 4000 and Pacbio RSII procedures. The plasmid conjugation transfer experiment were performed by the mating-out assay.

Orthogonal Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Basalt-Polypropylene Fiber Mortar.

Orthogonal test method was applied to analyze the strength properties of basalt-polypropylene mortar. The effect of basalt fiber length, polypropylene fiber length, basalt fiber volume content and polypropylene fiber volume content on the 28 d cube compressive strength and flexural strength were investigated. Test results show that comparing with flexural strength, the influence of basalt fiber length and polypropylene fiber length on compressive strength of mortar was greater than on flexural strength.

PM2.5 in poultry houses synergizes with to aggravate lung inflammation in mice through the NF-κB pathway.

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans.

Contribution of calpain to protein degradation, variation in myowater properties and the water-holding capacity of pork during postmortem ageing.

To investigate calpain's effect on protein degradation, myowater properties, and the water-holding capacity (WHC), porcine longissimus muscles were incubated with control buffer, PD (calpain-specific inhibitor) and MG-262 (multiple-protease inhibitor) and assigned to an ageing period of 1, 4 or 7 d. Over 7 d of storage, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in desmin or integrin expression between the MG-262 and PD groups, which indicated that calpain played a major role in protein proteolysis.