Safety and Efficacy of Anlotinib Hydrochloride Plus Temozolomide in Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma.

Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly vascularized tumor with few treatment options after disease recurrence. Here, we report the efficacy and safety of anlotinib hydrochloride plus temozolomide in patients with recurrent GBM.

Patients And Methods: Patients with first definite postsurgical progression of histologically confirmed GBM preceded by standard radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy were eligible for inclusion.

Clipping Ophthalmic Segment Artery Aneurysms Using a Modified Subdural Dolenc Approach: Classification and Experience Sharing.

Background: Ophthalmic segment artery aneurysms (OSAs) are difficult to clip; therefore, improvement of the surgical method is of great significance to the prevention of complications, and the classification of the aneurysms is essential to formulate a reasonable surgical plan.

Objective: To explore the strategies and effects of surgery for OSAs using a modified subdural Dolenc approach.

Methods: The clinical data of 38 patients (12 men and 26 women, aged 48-73 years) with OSA were analyzed retrospectively.

The novel histone deacetylase inhibitor pracinostat suppresses the malignant phenotype in human glioma.

Introduction: Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The effects of conventional treatment regimens are still limited to prolonging the survival of patients. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are potential targets for tumor treatment.

Virus-like siRNA construct dynamically responsive to sequential microenvironments for potent RNA interference.

Cytoplasmic transportation of therapeutic nucleic acids is deemed as an onerous task with aim of precise knockdown towards the targeted genes. Pertaining to the programed functionalities of natural virus in circumventing the biological barriers, we tailored multifaceted chemistries into manufacture of synthetic siRNA delivery vehicles in resembling the functionalities of viral vectors to dynamically tackle with a sequential of biological obstacles encountered in the journey of systemic anti-tumor RNAi therapy. Once harnessing ligands with RGD motif for specific internalization into subcellular endosomal compartments of the tumor cells, the architecture of the proposed delivery vehicles was subjected to facile transformation responsive to pH stimuli in acidic endosomal compartments.

The Construction of Cucurbit[7]uril-Based Supramolecular Nanomedicine for Glioma Therapy.

Two supramolecular nanomedicines (CB[7]⊃DOX and CB[7]⊃CPT) based on the host-guest recognition between CB[7] and anticancer drugs were constructed. After supramolecular modification, the stability and water solubility of DOX and CPT were greatly improved, and the anticancer activities of chemotherapeutic drugs were effectively maintained. This work provided a simple but efficient method to enrich supramolecular nanomedicines for cancer therapy.

lncRNA MEG3 restrained the M1 polarization of microglia in acute spinal cord injury through the HuR/A20/NF-κB axis.

The M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation restrict the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (ASCI), and long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) expression is lessened in ASCI. However, the function and mechanism of lncRNA MEG3 in the M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation in ASCI are unclear. The expressions of lncRNA MEG3 in ASCI mouse spinal cord tissues and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated primary microglia and BV2 cells were quantified through a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Successful Treatment of Severe Post-craniotomy Meningitis Caused by an Sequence Type 410 Strain Coharboring and .

Intracranial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium have led to considerable mortality due to extremely limited treatment options. Herein, we firstly reported a clinical carbapenem-resistant isolate coharboring and from a patient with post-craniotomy meningitis. The carbapenem-resistant strain CNEC001 belonging to Sequence Type 410 was only susceptible to amikacin and tigecycline, both of which have poor penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Unilateral Subfrontal Approach for Giant Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: Single Center Experience and Review of the Literature.

Background: Microsurgical Transcranial approach (mTCA) is the primary choice for the resection of giant Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas (TSM). The objective of this study is to explore surgical details of unilateral subfrontal approach.

Methods: Ten patients with giant TSM treated by unilateral subfrontal approach were included from January 2018 to June 2021.

Chemotherapeutic potency stimulated by SNAI1-knockdown based on multifaceted nanomedicine.

Molecular insights into tumorigenesis have uncovered intimate correlation of SNAI1 with tumor malignancy. Herein, to explore merits of SNAI1-knockdown in tumor therapy, we harnessed RNA interference tool (shSNAI1), together with chemotherapeutic doxorubicin. Owing to abundant hydroxyl groups, pullulan was attempted to be covalently conjugated with a multiple of functional moieties, including positively-charged oligoethylenimine components for electrostatic entrapment of polyanionic shSNAI1 and hydrophobic components for entrapment of lipophilic doxorubicin.

MiR-489 inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastoma multiforme cells via regulating TWIST1 expression.

Purpose: To investigate the influences of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-489 on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the relationship between miR-489 and twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) expression.

Methods: The GBM cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and then transfected with miR-489 inhibitor, miR-489 mimics and miR-negative control (NC) or TWIST1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) and TWIST1-NC. The expression levels of miR-489 and TWIST1 gene in the cells were measured via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the proliferative capacity of cells in each group was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.

Tumor-Targeted Anti-VEGF RNAi Capable of Sequentially Responding to Intracellular Microenvironments for Potent Systemic Tumor Suppression.

Selective intracellular transportation of RNA interference (RNAi) into the cytosol of tumor cells is deemed as an intriguing strategy for treatment of intractable tumors. Pertaining to sequential biological barriers, polymeric RNAi therapeutics were engineered by covalent conjugation of multiple small interference RNA (siRNA) molecules onto a polylysine (PLys) segment of cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-poly(ethylene glycol)--PLys [RGD-PEG-PLys(siRNA)] through a redox-responsive disulfide linkage. Furthermore, the constructed polyanionic siRNA conjugates were designed to precipitate with inorganic CaPO (CaP) for manufacturing siRNA delivery nanoassemblies.

Redox-Responsive Polymeric RNAi Based on Multivalent Conjugation of siRNA for Improved Intracellular Delivery.

Learning from the design concept of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), we attempted to construct siRNA conjugated polymer brush by attaching a multiple of siRNA to the units of poly(amino acids) [poly(lysine) derivatives] through an intracellular cleavable disulfide bond. Note that the disulfide linkage is stable at extracellular milieu yet subjected to cleavage into free thiol residues at the intracellular reducing compartments. Consequently, ready release of arrays of active siRNA was achieved selectively in the intracellular compartments.

Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 contributes to inflammatory response of microglia following spinal cord injury via the modulation of a miR-199b/IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was widely recognized to be implicated in human cancer, vascular diseases, and neurological disorders. This study was to explore the role and underlying mechanism of MALAT1 in acute spinal cord injury (ASCI). ASCI models in adult rats were established and demonstrated by a numerical decrease in BBB scores.

'Ectopic' suprasellar type IIa PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma.

Background: Ectopic pituitary adenomas (EPAs) are rare, and the suprasellar cistern seems to be the most common location. At this time, no detailed original classification, diagnosis, or treatment protocols for suprasellar pituitary adenomas (SPAs) have been described.

Case Description: A 19-year-old man showed visual disturbances and lack of libido for 3 years, he suffered a sharp decline in vision with only light perception in the last week.

A Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery As the Sole Supply to the Brain Associated with a Basilar Bifurcation Aneurysm.

The persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is the second most common persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis, with an incidence of 0.027-0.26%.

Downregulation of miR-199b promotes the acute spinal cord injury through IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway activating microglial cells.

Inflammatory response played an important role in the progression of spinal cord injury (SCI). Several miRNAs were associated with the pathology of SCI. However, the molecular mechanism of miRNA involving in inflammatory response in acute SCI (ASCI) was poorly understood.

HSPB1 Enhances SIRT2-Mediated G6PD Activation and Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation.

Heat shock proteins belong to a conserved protein family and are involved in multiple cellular processes. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), also known as heat HSPB1, participates in cellular responses to not only heat shock, but also oxidative or chemical stresses. However, the contribution of HSPB1 to anti-oxidative response remains unclear.

Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, potentiates the radiosensitivity of glioma initiating cells by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis.

Background: Glioblastoma is refractory to conventional treatment, which is combined of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that glioma initiating cells (GICs) contribute to tumorigenesis and radioresistance. Recently, other studies showed that the GICs use the autophagy as the major pathway to survive.

Gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of meningeal carcinomatosis: case report with emphasis on early diagnosis.

Background: Timely diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis is often difficult even with the assistant of magnetic resonance imaging examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or both. To the best of our knowledge, gadobutrol-enhanced MRI has not been reported in the diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis. Here we present two cases where meningeal carcinomatosis was identified on gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Risk Factors of Acoustic Neuroma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Many epidemiological studies have investigated environmental risk factors for the development of acoustic neuroma. However, these results are controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control studies to identify any potential relationship between history of noise exposure, smoking, allergic diseases, and risk of acoustic neuroma.

Serial Attacks: Contralateral Hematoma Secondary to Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury Led to Posttraumatic Cerebral Infarction.

A 40-year-old man suffered severe brain injury and received left side subdural hematoma evacuation with decompressive craniectomy. Intraoperative brain swelling had occurred during the surgery. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan was done immediately and showed a contralateral epidural hematoma resulting in herniation.

Primary sellar melanocytic tumor mimicking hemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma: Case report and literature review.

Primary melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare lesions, but primary sellar tumors are rarer. Only 10 cases have been reported, and they are often misdiagnosed as pituitary macroadenoma. We report the case of a 54-year-old Chinese man who developed progressive bitemporal hemianopsia and visual loss.

Solitary spinal dural syphilis granuloma mimicking a spinal meningioma.

Dural granuloma is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there has no case reported solitary spinal dural syphilis granuloma worldwide so far. Here we report our findings in a 49-year-old woman, who presented with 10-year progressive left lower-limb numbness and two weeks of right lower-limb numbness.

Prognosis in prolonged coma patients with diffuse axonal injury assessed by somatosensory evoked potentia.

A total of 43 prolonged coma patients with diffuse axonal injury received the somatosensory evoked potential examination one month after injury in the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University in China. Somatosensory evoked potentials were graded as normal, abnormal or absent (grades I-III) according to N20 amplitude and central conduction time. The outcome in patients with grade III somatosensory evoked potential was in each case unfavorable.

Use of medical aural and encephalic glue-soaked gelfoam for frontal sinus repair: a single-centre experience.

Background: Frontal sinus (FS) perforation is a common complication in frontal craniotomy. The primary goal of treatment is to seal the FS without destroying physiological function.

Objective: This article describes a new FS cavity reconstruction technique using medical aural and encephalic glue (EC glue)-soaked gelfoam.