Inhibitory potential of 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid against tyrosinase and its effect on the preservation of fresh-sliced apples.

Excessive tyrosinase expression leads to pigmented diseases in humans and browning in plants, necessitating effective tyrosinase inhibitors. This study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanism of 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-HC-3-CA) on tyrosinase. Using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, we found that 7-HC-3-CA effectively inhibited tyrosinase activity, with an IC value of 364 ± 1.

Unveiling the Broad Substrate Specificity of Deoxynivalenol Oxidation Enzyme DepA and Its Role in Detoxifying Trichothecene Mycotoxins.

DepA, a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent enzyme isolated from mutans 17-2-E-8, exhibits versatility in oxidizing deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives. This study explored DepA's substrate specificity and enzyme kinetics, focusing on DON and 15-acetyl-DON. Besides efficiently oxidizing DON, DepA also transforms 15-acetyl-DON into 15-acetyl-3-keto-DON, as identified via LC-MS/MS and NMR analysis.

Features of liver injury in 138 Chinese patients with NICCD.

Objectives: To find biochemical and molecular markers can assist in identifying serious liver damage of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) patients.

Methods: 138 patients under 13 days to 1.1 year old diagnosed of NICCD in our center from 2004 to 2020.

Diagnosis of an intermediate case of maple syrup urine disease: A case report.

Background: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). However, the clinical and metabolic screening is limited in identifying all MSUD patients, especially those patients with mild phenotypes or are asymptomatic. This study aims to share the diagnostic experience of an intermediate MSUD case who was missed by metabolic profiling but identified by genetic analysis.

Loss of LXN promotes macrophage M2 polarization and PD-L2 expression contributing cancer immune-escape in mice.

Latexin (LXN) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and inflammatory response and as a tumor suppressor in many tumors. However, whether LXN regulates tumorigenesis through immune regulation remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate that LXN deficiency increases hematopoietic stem cells, as well as affects the proportion of immune cells in the peripheral system.

Asprosin in the Paraventricular Nucleus Induces Sympathetic Activation and Pressor Responses via cAMP-Dependent ROS Production.

Asprosin is a newly discovered adipokine that is involved in regulating metabolism. Sympathetic overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of sympathetic outflow and blood pressure.

Deoxynivalenol Degradation by Various Microbial Communities and Its Impacts on Different Bacterial Flora.

Deoxynivalenol, a mycotoxin that may present in almost all cereal products, can cause huge economic losses in the agriculture industry and seriously endanger food safety and human health. Microbial detoxifications using microbial consortia may provide a safe and effective strategy for DON mitigation. In order to study the interactions involving DON degradation and change in microbial flora, four samples from different natural niches, including a chicken stable (expJ), a sheep stable (expY), a wheat field (expT) and a horse stable (expM) were collected and reacted with purified DON.

Characterization of Two Dehydrogenases from Involved in the Transformation of Patulin to Ascladiol.

Patulin is a mycotoxin that primarily contaminate apples and apple products. Whole cell or cell-free extracts of ATCC 621 were able to transform patulin to E-ascladiol. Proteins from cell-free extracts were separated by anion exchange chromatography and fractions with patulin transformation activity were subjected to peptide mass fingerprinting, enabling the identification of two NADPH dependent short chain dehydrogenases, GOX0525 and GOX1899, with the requisite activity.

3-keto-DON, but Not 3--DON, Retains the Toxicological Potential after the Enzymatic Biotransformation of Deoxynivalenol.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary fungal metabolite that is associated with many adverse toxicological effects in agriculture as well as human/animal nutrition. Bioremediation efforts in recent years have led to the discovery of numerous bacterial isolates that can transform DON to less toxic derivatives. Both 3-keto-DON and 3--DON were recently shown to exhibit reduced toxicity, compared to DON, when tested using different cell lines and mammalian models.

Impact of Selective Renal Afferent Denervation on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Remodeling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Oxidative stress and sustained sympathetic over-activity contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Catheter-based renal denervation has been used as a strategy for treatment of resistant hypertension, which interrupts both afferent and efferent renal fibers. However, it is unknown whether selective renal afferent denervation (RAD) may play beneficial roles in attenuating oxidative stress and sympathetic activity in hypertension.

Extracellular vesicles in vascular remodeling.

Vascular remodeling contributes to the development of a variety of vascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Phenotypic transformation of vascular cells, oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular calcification are closely associated with vascular remodeling. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released from almost all types of cells and can be detected in nearly all body fluids including blood and urine.

Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Promotes Cardiac Injury After Myocardial Infarction Via Inducing Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis Through an Interaction With NLRP3.

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death that plays a major role in the development and progression of cardiac injury in AMI. However, the underlying mechanisms for the activation of pyroptosis during AMI are not fully elucidated.

A Novel Microbial Zearalenone Transformation through Phosphorylation.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin widely occurring in many agricultural commodities. In this study, a purified bacterial isolate, sp. S62-W, obtained from one of 104 corn silage samples from various silos located in the United States, exhibited activity to transform the mycotoxin ZEA.

Challenges Associated With the Formation of Recombinant Protein Inclusion Bodies in and Strategies to Address Them for Industrial Applications.

Recombinant proteins are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications, where is the most widely used bacterial host for their production. However, the formation of inclusion bodies is a frequently encountered challenge for producing soluble and functional recombinant proteins. To overcome this hurdle, different strategies have been developed through adjusting growth conditions, engineering host strains of , altering expression vectors, and modifying the proteins of interest.

The Ribosome-Binding Mode of Trichothecene Mycotoxins Rationalizes Their Structure-Activity Relationships.

Trichothecenes are the most prevalent mycotoxins contaminating cereal grains. Some of them are also considered as the virulence factors of head blight disease. However, the mechanism behind the structure-activity relationship for trichothecenes remains unexplained.

Fairy circles reveal the resilience of self-organized salt marshes.

Spatial patterning is a fascinating theme in both theoretical and experimental ecology. It reveals resilience and stability to withstand external disturbances and environmental stresses. However, existing studies mainly focus on well-developed persistent patterns rather than transient patterns in self-organizing ecosystems.

Reclassification of Algibacter wandonensis as a Later Heterotypic Synonym of Algibacter lectus Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis.

The genus Algibacter belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae of the Bacteroidetes, and all members of this genus were isolated from marine environments. Among the Algibacter species, two members, Algibacter lectus KMM 3902 and Algibacter wandonensis WS-MY22, were isolated from green algae and sediment around a brown algae respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of these two type strains possess 99.

Phylogenetic diversity shapes salt tolerance in Phragmites australis estuarine populations in East China.

Estuaries are dynamic and selective environments that provide frequent opportunities for the turnover of Phragmites australis populations. We studied Phragmites genetic diversity patterns in three of the major deltas of China, viz. the Yellow River, the Yangtze and the Liaohe, in relation to Phragmites global phylogeography and soil salinity.

Sea-level rise will reduce net CO uptake in subtropical coastal marshes.

Coastal marshes have a significant capacity to sequester carbon; however, sea-level rise (SLR) is expected to result in prolonged flooding and saltwater intrusion in coastal regions. To explore the effects of SLR projections on net CO uptake in coastal marshes, we conducted a "double-check" investigation, including the eddy covariance (EC) measurements of the CO fluxes in subtropical coastal marshes along inundation and salinity gradients, in combination with a mesocosm experiment for analyzing CO flux components under waterlogging and increased salinity conditions. During the same measurement periods, the net ecosystem CO exchange (NEE based on the EC dataset) in an oligohaline marsh was higher than that in a low-elevation mesohaline marsh, whereas the NEE was lower than that in a high-elevation freshwater marsh.