Identification of a novel hypoglycemic small molecule, trans-2, 4-dimethoxystilbene by rectifying gut microbiota and activating hepatic AMPKα-PPARγ pathway through gut-liver axis.

With the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders, hyperglycemia has become a common risk factor that endangers people's lives and the need for new drug solutions is burgeoning. Trans-2, 4-dimethoxystilbene (TDMS), a synthetic stilbene, has been found as a novel hypoglycemic small molecule from glucose consumption test. Normal C57BL/6 J mice, mouse models of type 1 diabetes mellitus and diet-induced obesity subjected to TDMS gavage were found with lower glycemic levels and better glycemic control.

The interaction of ammonia and manganese in abnormal metabolism of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A comparison metabolomics study.

This study was to investigate the effects of ammonia and manganese in the metabolism of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four subgroups: chronic hyperammonemia (CHA), chronic hypermanganese (CHM), MHE and control group (CON). 1H-NMR-based metabolomics was used to detect the metabolic changes.

Ferrous sulfate reverses cerebral metabolic abnormality induced by minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Orally administered ferrous iron was previously reported to significantly improve the cognition and locomotion of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). However, the metabolic mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of ferrous iron are unknown. In this study, MHE was induced in rats by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL), and was treated with ferrous sulfate.

Sex difference on fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) expression in skin and wound of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice.

Background: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key factors affecting diabetic wound healing. However, the FGF family's expression patterns in skin and wounds influenced by both diabetes and sex are still unknown.

Methods And Results: In this study, normal and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic C57BL/6J male and female mice were used to study the FGF family's expression in non-wound skin and wounds.

Oral magnesium sulphate administration in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: NMR-based metabolic characterization of the brain.

Objective: To investigate the metabolic changes in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) treated with oral magnesium sulphate administration.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group and MHE group (further divided into an MHE group and an MHE-Mg group treated with oral administration of 124 mg/kg/day magnesium sulphate). Morris water maze (MWM), Y maze and narrow beam walking (NBW) were used to evaluate cognitive and motor functions.

Dihydroflavonoid glycosides from Viscum album and their inhibitory effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and target identification.

Five undescribed dihydroflavonoid glycoside derivatives, namely albvisosides A‒E, together with two known compounds were isolated from the roots and stem leaves of Viscum album L. var. album.

Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding by Percutaneous Transsplenic Varices Embolization in Chronic Hepatic Schistosomiasis Japonicum Patients.

To evaluate percutaneous transsplenic varices embolization (PTSVE) in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with chronic hepatic schistosomiasis japonicum (CHS), 29 CHS patients (20 males and 9 females) complicated with UGIB were selected as the investigation subjects. The patients were treated by PTSVE under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy. The success rate of PTSVE and the rate of complications were observed.

Optimization of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat epithelial ovarian tumors.

Ovarian carcinoma is the second most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system and an notable cause of cancer death. The detection and diagnosis of early ovarian carcinomas are still clinical challenges, which calls for imaging studies using early ovarian carcinoma animal models. The present study aimed to optimize the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced model of rat ovarian tumors by investigating the delivery methods, induction dose and time of DMBA exposure, and explored the morphological features of tumors using MRI.

Hypoglycemic activity of puerarin through modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function via AMPK.

Hyperglycemia is the dominant phenotype of diabetes and the main contributor of diabetic complications. Puerarin is widely used in cardiovascular diseases and diabetic vascular complications. However, little is known about its direct effects on diabetes.

Effects of fasting on the expression pattern of FGFs in different skeletal muscle fibre types and sexes in mice.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) belong to a large family comprising 22 FGF polypeptides that are widely expressed in tissues. Most of the FGFs can be secreted and involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle function and structure. However, the role of fasting on FGF expression pattern in skeletal muscles remains unknown.

Chronic Urotensin-II Administration Improves Whole-Body Glucose Tolerance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice.

Urotensin-II (U-II) is an endogenous peptide agonist of a G protein-coupled receptor-urotensin receptor. There are many conflicting findings about the effects of U-II on blood glucose. This study aims to explore the effects of U-II on glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Glucose consumption assay discovers coptisine with beneficial effect on diabetic mice.

Many drugs with anti-diabetic effects regulate glucose consumption in peripheral tissues. Via cellular glucose consumption assays, we identified that coptisine, a main effective constituent from the plant Coptis chinensis, enhanced hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose consumption. We further explored its effects on glucose metabolism in diabetic animals to elucidate its mechanism of action.

Effect of skeletal muscle phenotype and gender on fasting-induced myokine expression in mice.

Skeletal muscle secretes myokines, which are involved in metabolism and muscle function regulation. The role of fasting on myokine expression in skeletal muscle is largely unknown. In this study, we used gastrocnemius skeletal muscle RNA sequencing data from fasting male mice in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Interaction of CREB and PGC-1α Induces Fibronectin Type III Domain-Containing Protein 5 Expression in C2C12 Myotubes.

Background/aims: Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), also known as irisin, is a myokine secreted from muscle in response to exercise. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate FNDC5 expression and the functional significance of irisn in skeletal muscle remain unknown. In this study, we explored the potential pathways that induce FNDC5 expression and delineated the metabolic effects of irisin on skeletal muscle.

Efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancy in non-thrombophilic women: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on pregnancy outcomes in women without thrombophilia during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment.

Material And Methods: We searched Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane and CNKI (from inception to 2 February 2018). Our study identified randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing low-molecular-weight heparin subcutaneous treatment with no treatment or only luteal support control.

Fluorescein Diacetate Microplate Assay in Cell Viability Detection.

Objective To investigate the application of the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) microplate assay in cell viability detection. Methods Cells were seeded in a 96-well culture plate until detection. After incubated with FDA,the plate was detected by fluorescence microplate analyzer.

Effects of the Nrf2 Protein Modulator Salvianolic Acid A Alone or Combined with Metformin on Diabetes-associated Macrovascular and Renal Injury.

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered a promising target against diabetic complications such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetic nephropathy. Herein, we investigated the effects of a potential Nrf2 modulator, salvianolic acid A (SAA), which is a natural polyphenol, on diabetes-associated macrovascular and renal injuries in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Given that lowering glucose is the first objective of diabetic patients, we also examined the effects of SAA combined with metformin (MET) on both complications.

Salvianolic acid A improves intestinal motility in diabetic rats through antioxidant capacity and upregulation of nNOS.

Objective: This study aimed to detect the effect of a new herbal extract salvianolic acid A (SalA) on gastrointestinal complications in diabetic rats.

Methods: Altogether 80 rats were divided randomly into five groups, including normal control (NC) group, high-fat (HF) diet group, diabetes mellitus (DM) control group, and DM treated with SalA (0.1 mg/kg and 0.

Protection of salvianolic acid A on rat brain from ischemic damage via soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their regulating enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) have been associated with ischemic stroke. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is proved to display potent cerebroprotection. However, little information is available about the link between them.

Screening for novel lead compounds increasing insulin expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells.

Insulin expression in the thymus has been implicated in regulating the negative selection of autoreactive T cells and in mediating the central immune tolerance to pancreatic beta-cells. Thymic insulin expression modulation might be an important drug target for preventing type 1 diabetes. We performed a high-throughput screening to identify compounds with such activity.

Salvianolic acid A protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction in high-fat diet fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is one of the main active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhizae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of SalA on the diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED). The rats were given a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 1 month followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg).

Effects of salvianolic scid A on plantar microcirculation and peripheral nerve function in diabetic rats.

Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is the main efficacious, water-soluble constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. This study evaluated the effects of SalA on plantar microcirculation and peripheral nerve dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ )-induced type 2 diabetic rats. The rats were given a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for a month followed by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (30 mg/kg).

[Effect of metformin on the formation of hepatic fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats].

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the metformin on the formation of hepatic fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats and discuss its mechanism of liver-protecting activity. After SD rats were fed with high-fat and high-sucrose diet for four weeks, low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally to make the animal mode of type 2 diabetes. Then, all diabetic rats was fed with the high-fat diet and metformin (ig, 100 mg x kg(-1)) was given orally to metformin group for four months.

[Molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease virus in Guangxi during the period of 2000 to 2007].

Tissue samples of Fabricius' bursa collected from Nanning, Yulin, Beihai and Wuzhou in the provinces of Guangxi in China during the years of 2000-2007, were detected by a established reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for IBDV. Viral isolation was performed on the positive samples by chicken embryo inoculation via chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). Results showed that 27 isolates of IBDV were obtained.