Pulsed electromagnetic fields promote bone formation by activating the sAC-cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway.

The application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has long been an area of interest. However, the clinical application of PEMFs remains limited because of the poor understanding of the PEMF action mechanism. Here, we report that PEMFs promote bone formation by activating soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathways.

[Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Conditions of Xiaoyao-pill Herb Residues by Cellulase].

Objective: To explore the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of Xiaoyao-pill herb residues by cellulose.

Methods: Based on the single factor test,an Box-Benhnken design was used to optimize the parameters, three factors, including cellulase dosage, enzymolysis time, and solid-liquid ratio were regarded as investigation factors,the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis as index, Xiaoyao-pill herb residues enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by cellulase, and a mathematical regression model was established.

Results: The optimal parameters were obtained as follows,cellulase dosage was 6%,enzymolysis time was 5.

[Determination of microelements from different types of grass in the habitat of Przewalski's gazelle by sealed microwave digestion ICP-AES].

For the mixture forge from different types of grassland, trace elements including copper, manganese, iron, zinc and molybdenum were separately determined by ICP-AES using high pressure system-sealed microwave digestion in the habitat of the Przewalski's gazelle in Qinghai Hudong in summer (mid-June), autumn (mid-September) and winter (mid-December). The samples of mixture forage were digested with HNO3-H2O2 acids system. The detection limits of the method for the elements varied from 0.

Studies of a naturally occurring sulfur-induced copper deficiency in Przewalski's gazelles.

The Przewalski's gazelles in the Hudong area of the Qinghai Lake area in China were affected by an ailment characterized by pica, emaciation, dyskinesia, loss of appetite, and anemia. Concentrations of copper (Cu) in soil and forage from affected and unaffected areas were similar and within the normal range, but concentrations of sulfur (S) in soil and forage were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in affected than in unaffected areas.