Matrine disturbs the eimeria necatrix-induced loop of tuft cell-intestinal stem cell-goblet cell by inactivating IL-13/JAK2/STAT3 signaling.

As sensors in the gut, tuft cells integrate a complex array of luminal signals to regulate the differentiation fate of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which trigger a loop of tuft cell-ISC-goblet cell after parasitic infection. As a plant-derived alkaloid, Matrine plays a prominent role for standardizing ISC functions in Eimeria necatrix (EN)-exposed chicks. In this study, we investigated the modulation effects of Matrine on the specific intestinal epithelial cell loop in EN-exposed chicks in vivo and intestinal organoids (IOs) ex vivo.

Comprehensive analysis of risk factors associated with submucosal invasion in patients with early-stage gastric cancer.

Background: Submucosal invasion in early-stage gastric cancer (GC) is a critical determinant of prognosis and treatment strategy, significantly influencing the risk of lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Identifying risk factors associated with submucosal invasion is essential for optimizing patient management and improving outcomes.

Aim: To comprehensively analyze clinical, imaging, and endoscopic characteristics to identify predictors of submucosal invasion in patients with early-stage differentiated GC.

Early Weaning Inhibits Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion to Disrupt the Intestinal Integrity of Duroc Piglets via Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling.

There are different stress resistance among different breeds of pigs. Changes in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are still unclear among various breeds of piglets after early weaning. In the current study, Taoyuan Black and Duroc piglets were slaughtered at 21 days of age (early weaning day) and 24 days of age (3 days after early weaning) for 10 piglets in each group.

Mulberry Leaf-Derived Morin Activates β-Catenin by Binding to Frizzled7 to Promote Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion upon Heat-Stable Enterotoxin b Injury.

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) sustain epithelial renewal by dynamically altering behaviors of proliferation and differentiation in response to various nutrition and stress inputs. However, how ISCs integrate bioactive substance morin cues to protect against heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb) produced by remains an uncertain question with implications for treating bacterial diarrhea. Our recent work showed that oral mulberry leaf-derived morin improved the growth performance in STb-challenged mice.

Matrine reduced intestinal stem cell damage in eimeria necatrix-infected chicks via blocking hyperactivation of Wnt signaling.

Background: Coccidiosis is a rapidly spreading and acute parasitic disease that seriously threatening the intestinal health of poultry. Matrine from leguminous plants has anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Purpose: This assay was conducted to explore the protective effects of Matrine and the AntiC (a Matrine compound) on Eimeria necatrix (EN)-infected chick small intestines and to provide a nutritional intervention strategy for EN injury.

l-Malic Acid Facilitates Stem Cell-Driven Intestinal Epithelial Renewal through the Amplification of β-Catenin Signaling by Targeting Frizzled7 in Chicks.

l-Malic acid (l-MA) contributes to energy metabolism and nutrient digestion, which is an alternative to antibiotics for livestock; however, it is not clear whether l-MA can replace antibiotics to promote intestinal development in chicks. To investigate the effects of l-MA on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) driving epithelial renewal, we employed in vivo chick feeding experiments, chick intestinal organoid (IO) models, and in vitro chick intestinal epithelial cell models. The results showed that the feed conversion rate and diarrhea scores were decreased with improved jejunal morphology and barrier function in the 0.

Chemical composition of pigeon crop milk and factors affecting its production: a review.

Pigeons are important commercial poultry in addition to being ornamental birds. In 2021, more than 111 million pairs of breeding pigeons were kept in stock and 1.6 billion squabs were slaughtered for meat in China.

Ovariectomy with simulated vaginal delivery to establish a rat model for pelvic organ prolapse.

The widespread prevalence of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) and the paucity of ongoing treatments prompted us to develop a unique rat model combining ovariectomy and simulated vaginal delivery. We hypothesized that the tissue changes caused by low hormone levels and mechanical stretch could complement each other. Thus, the combined model can potentially mimic the collagen metabolism of vaginal wall tissue as well as mechanical stretch properties to complement disease progression in POP.

Succinate metabolism and its regulation of host-microbe interactions.

Succinate is a circulating metabolite, and the relationship between abnormal changes in the physiological concentration of succinate and inflammatory diseases caused by the overreaction of certain immune cells has become a research focus. Recent investigations have shown that succinate produced by the gut microbiota has the potential to regulate host homeostasis and treat diseases such as inflammation. Gut microbes are important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

Dietary supplementation with probiotics increases growth performance, improves the intestinal mucosal barrier and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in chicks.

Background: Probiotics comprise effective feed additives that can replace antibiotics in animal livestock production. However, mono-strain probiotics appear less effective because of their instability. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate dietary supplementation with compound probiotics (CPP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate and intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the possible molecular mechanism, in chicks.

Deoxynivalenol induces intestinal injury: insights from oxidative stress and intestinal stem cells.

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that frequently occur in human and animal diets. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most widely occurring mycotoxins globally and poses significant harm to the animal husbandry industry and human health. People are increasingly aware of the adverse effects of DON on vulnerable structures and functions in the intestine, especially in the field of intestinal stem cells (ISCs).

Heat stress disrupts intestinal stem cell migration and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis through FAK signaling.

During heat stress (HS), the intestinal epithelium suffers damage due to imbalance of tissue homeostasis. However, the specific mechanism by which intestinal stem cells (ISCs) migrate and differentiate along the crypt-villus axis to heal lesions upon insult is unclear. In our study, C57BL/6 mice and IPEC-J2 cells were subjected to normal ambient conditions (25 °C for 7 days in vivo and 37 °C for 18 h in vitro) or 41 °C.

Long non-coding RNA NCK1-AS1 functions as a ceRNA to regulate cell viability and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via microRNA-133b/ENPEP axis.

This study is designed to explore the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NCK1-AS1 in proliferative and invasive activities of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells by binding to microRNA-133b (miR-133b) to regulate ENPEP. Differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRs, genes and their targeting relationships were screened on ESCC-related gene expression datasets GSE17351 and GSE6188. The targeting relationships among NCK1-AS1, miR-133b, and ENPEP were verified using functional assays.

L-glutamate requires β-catenin signalling through Frizzled7 to stimulate porcine intestinal stem cell expansion.

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) decode and coordinate various types of nutritional information from the diet to support the crypt-villus axis architecture, but how specific dietary molecules affect intestinal epithelial homeostasis remains unclear. In the current study, L-glutamate (Glu) supplementation in either a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) or a corn-soybean meal diet (CSMD) stimulated gut growth and ISC expansion in weaned piglets. Quantitative proteomics screening identified the canonical Wnt signalling pathway as a central regulator of intestinal epithelial development and ISC activity in vivo.

Recombinant Porcine R-Spondin 1 Facilitates Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion along the Crypt-Villus Axis through Potentiating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Homeostasis and Deoxynivalenol Injury.

R-spondin 1 (RSPO1) is a ligand for the intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker Lgr5 in the crypt, which functions to amplify canonical Wnt signaling to stimulate the division of ISCs. Despite the crucial role of recombinant human RSPO1 (rhRSPO1) in homeostasis and regeneration, little is known about RSPO1 among different species. Here, we cloned the porcine RSPO1 (pRSPO1) gene and obtained rpRSPO1 protein through the expression system of the recombinant Rosetta (DE3) chemical competent cells.

Lysine Interacts with Frizzled7 to Activate β-Catenin in Satellite Cell-Participated Skeletal Muscle Growth.

This work provided an interesting finding of lysine (Lys) control on skeletal muscle growth besides protein synthesis. According to the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation and molecular docking analyses, we found both in skeletal muscle and muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that the frizzled7 (FZD7) expression level was positively correlated with Lys levels and this was consistent with the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. On the other hand, FZD7 inhibition suppressed the Lys-rescued Wnt/β-catenin pathway, FZD7 knockdown caused cell proliferation, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway restrictions could not be compensated for by Lys or Wnt3a.

Impaired intestinal stem cell activity in ETEC infection: enterotoxins, cyclic nucleotides, and Wnt signaling.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in humans and animals colonizes the intestine and thereafter secrets heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) with or without heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), which triggers massive fluid and electrolyte secretion into the gut lumen. The crosstalk between the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase/cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cAMP or cGMP/CFTR) pathway involved in ETEC-induced diarrhea channels, and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway leads to changes in intestinal stem cell (ISC) fates, which are strongly associated with developmental disorders caused by diarrhea. We review how alterations in enterotoxin-activated ion channel pathways and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can explain inhibited intestinal epithelial activity, characterize alterations in the crosstalk of cyclic nucleotides, and predict harmful effects on ISCs in targeted therapy.

-methionine and -methionyl--methionine increase intestinal development and activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity in domestic pigeons (Columba livia).

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of parental dietary -methionine (-Met) and -methionyl--methionine (-Met-Met) supplementation on the intestinal development of young squabs. A total of 108 pairs of breeding pigeons and 432 one-day-old squabs were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (CP = 15%) and the experimental groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.3% -Met or -Met-Met.

The in ovo injection of methionine improves intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation in chick embryos by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

The intestinal health of chick embryos is vital for their life-long growth, and exogenous nutrition intervention may provide sufficient nutrition for embryonic development. In the present study, we investigated the effect of in ovo injection of L-methionine (L-Met) on the intestinal structure and barrier function of chick embryos. There were 4 groups of treatments: the control (CON) group injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and the other 3 groups injected with 5, 10, and 20 mg L-Met/egg, respectively.

Lycopene Protects Intestinal Epithelium from Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Damage via Regulating Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a threatening mycotoxin primarily present in the agricultural environment, especially in food commodities and animal forages, and exerts significant global health hazards. Lycopene (LYC) is a potent antioxidant carotenoid mainly present in tomatoes and other fruits with enormous health benefits. The present study was designed to ascertain whether LYC could protect DON-induced intestinal epithelium oxidative injury by regulating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in the intestine of mice.

Lauric acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal stem cell damage by potentiating the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling axis.

Intestinal stem cell (ISC)-driven intestinal homeostasis is subjected to dual regulation by dietary nutrients and toxins. Our study investigated the use of lauric acid (LA) to alleviate deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal epithelial damage. C57BL/6 mice in the control, LA, DON, and LA + DON groups were orally administered PBS, 10 mg/kg BW LA, 2 mg/kg BW DON, and 10 mg/kg BW LA + 2 mg/kg BW DON for 10 days.

l-Carnosine Protects Against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Stem Cells by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Scope: The intestinal epithelium is nourished by various nutrients and subjected to persistent and widespread feed-derived mycotoxin stress. l-Carnosine (LC) possesses robust antioxidant activity; however, its role in protecting intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol (DON) is still unclear.

Methods And Results: In this study, 300 mg kg BW LC and 3 mg kg BW DON are orally administered to mice either alone or in combination for 10 days to investigate the role of LC in protecting the intestine against DON.

Intestinal Models for Personalized Medicine: from Conventional Models to Microfluidic Primary Intestine-on-a-chip.

Intestinal dysfunction is frequently driven by abnormalities of specific genes, microbiota, or microenvironmental factors, which usually differ across individuals, as do intestinal physiology and pathology. Therefore, it's necessary to develop personalized therapeutic strategies, which are currently limited by the lack of a simulated intestine model. The mature human intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelial cells that are derived from intestinal stem cells (ISCs).