Somatic mutations in FAT cadherin family members constitute an underrecognized subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma with unique clinicopathologic features.

Background: The FAT cadherin family members (FAT1, FAT2, FAT3 and FAT4) are conserved tumor suppressors that are recurrently mutated in several types of human cancers, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC).

Aim: To characterize the clinicopathologic features of CRC patients with somatic mutations in FAT cadherin family members.

Methods: We analyzed 526 CRC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas PanCancer Atlas dataset.

Regulation effects of hydrogen sulfide on ascorbate-glutathione cycle in naked oat leaves under saline-alkali stress.

Saline-alkali stress is one of the common abiotic stresses for plants. Hydrogen sulfide (HS), as a gas signal, plays an important role in driving the responses of plants to saline-alkali stress. To explore the regulating effects of HS on the ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle in naked oat (Avena nude) under saline-alkali stress, we used sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) as donor of exogenous HS and hydroxylamine (HA) as HS synthesis inhibitor to examine the effects of HS on plant growth, leaf reactive oxygen species, membrane lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants and key enzymes in the AsA-GSH cycle in "Dingyou 9" variety of naked oat under saline-alkali mixed stress.

Cul4b Promotes Progression of Malignant Cutaneous Melanoma Patients by Regulating CDKN2A.

Although several molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been developed, cutaneous melanoma prognosis is still not satisfying. Cul4b promotes the progression of several malignant tumors by regulating cell proliferation. However, its prognostic role in malignant cutaneous melanoma has not been evaluated.

Inflammatory bowel disease- and Barrett's esophagus-associated neoplasia: the old, the new, and the persistent struggles.

Early diagnosis of and adequate therapy for premalignant lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Barrett's esophagus (BE) has been shown to decrease mortality. Endoscopic examination with histologic evaluation of random and targeted biopsies remains the gold standard for early detection and adequate treatment of neoplasia in both these diseases. Although eventual patient management (including surveillance and treatment) depends upon a precise histologic assessment of the initial biopsy, accurately diagnosing and grading IBD- and BE-associated dysplasia is still considered challenging by many general as well as subspecialized pathologists.

Mutation of the chloroplast-localized phosphate transporter OsPHT2;1 reduces flavonoid accumulation and UV tolerance in rice.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient required for plant development and production. The mechanisms regulating phosphate (Pi) uptake are well established, but the function of chloroplast Pi homeostasis is poorly understood in Oryza sativa (rice). PHT2;1 is one of the transporters/translocators mediating Pi import into chloroplasts.

Risk factors for colorectal neoplasia in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study.

Background: This study sought to evaluate the risk factors for the development of colitis-associated neoplasia (CAN) in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: IBD patients who developed CAN between 1999 and 2016 were identified from eight medical centers. In addition to initial pathology evaluation, a CAN diagnosis was confirmed by two expert pathologists.

Sema3E/PlexinD1 signaling inhibits postischemic angiogenesis by regulating endothelial DLL4 and filopodia formation in a rat model of ischemic stroke.

Angiogenesis is a crucial defense response to hypoxia that regulates the process of raising the promise of long-term neurologic recovery during the management of stroke. A high expression of antiangiogenic factors leads to the loss of neovascularization capacity in pathologic conditions. We have previously documented an impairment of the cerebral vessel perfusion and neovascularization in the cortex neighboring the stroke-induced lesion, which was accompanied by an activation of semaphorin 3E (Sema3E)/PlexinD1 after ischemic stroke.

Interobserver Agreement in the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Neoplasia in China in Comparison to Subspecialized American Gastrointestinal Pathologists.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interobserver variability in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated neoplasia among practicing pathologists from China using telepathology, a practice of remote diagnostic consultation increasingly used nationally and internationally, and its comparison with the interpretation of subspecialized gastrointestinal (GI) pathologists from the United States (US).

Methods: Eight GI pathologists from the US and 4 pathologists from China with an interest in GI pathology participated in this study. A total of 50 colonic biopsies from patients with a clinical history of IBD from 8 medical centers in China were included.

Lung Cancer with Concomitant Double Gene Mutation.

A patient presenting with concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation is very rare. We report a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient with concomitant EGFR (exon 19-del) mutation and ALK rearrangement. The positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan revealed a highly metabolic mass lesion in the left lower lobe, measured 5.

Primary Merkel Cell Carcinoma on the Cheek: Three Case Reports.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma that typically arises in sunexposed areas of the skin. Herein, we present three cases of primary MCC of the cheek. Case 1 had multiple nodules and mild swelling on the left cheek and eyelids, the patient did not receive any treatment and died after 10 months.

Clinical significance and management of Barrett's esophagus with epithelial changes indefinite for dysplasia.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is defined as the extension of salmon-colored mucosa into the tubular esophagus ≥ 1 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction with biopsy confirmation of intestinal metaplasia. Patients with BE are at increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and undergo endoscopic surveillance biopsies to detect dysplasia or early EAC. Dysplasia in BE is classified as no dysplasia, indefinite for dysplasia (IND), low grade dysplasia (LGD) or high grade dysplasia (HGD).

Adenocarcinoma of the lung with concomitant ALK fusion gene and EGFR gene mutation: A case report and literature review.

Targeted therapy is currently a very popular approach to cancer treatment. Personalized targeted therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on the mutation status of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, B-Raf proto-oncogene and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene, with different mutations requiring different treatment. Herein, we present a rare case of adenocarcinoma of the lung harboring EGFR- and ALK-activating mutations simultaneously.

Long-term variation of black carbon and PM2.5 in Beijing, China with respect to meteorological conditions and governmental measures.

Black carbon (BC) and PM2.5 were studied for nine years from 2005 to 2013 in the Beijing urban area. The overall weekly average mass concentrations of BC and PM2.

Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of ulcerative proctitis, chronic radiation proctopathy, and diversion proctitis.

Chronic proctitis refers to persistent or relapsing inflammation of the rectum, which results from a wide range of etiologies with various pathogenic mechanisms. The patients may share similar clinical presentations. Ulcerative proctitis, chronic radiation proctitis or proctopathy, and diversion proctitis are the 3 most common forms of chronic proctitis.

Disease course and management strategy of pouch neoplasia in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel diseases.

Background: To evaluate the disease course and management strategy for pouch neoplasia.

Methods: Patients undergoing ileal pouch surgery for underlying ulcerative colitis who developed low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia, or adenocarcinoma in the pouch were identified.

Results: All eligible 44 patients were evaluated.

Anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 properties of purple prairie clover and sainfoin condensed tannins.

Condensed tannins (CT) from purple prairie clover (PPC; Dalea purpurea Vent.) and sainfoin (SF; Onobrychis viciifolia) were assessed for anti-Escherichia coli activity by comparing their ability to react with proteins and liposome, cause cell aggregation, and alter outer membrane (OM) morphology and permeability. The PPC CT had greater (P < 0.

[Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor with synchronous gastric cancer].

Objective: To evaluated the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) with synchronous gastric cancer.

Methods: The clinicopathologic records of 122 patients with gastric GIST who underwent surgical treatment from April 2000 to June 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-six patients presented synchronous gastric cancer(group A), while 96 patients did not(group B).

Comparative analysis of tumor markers and evaluation of their predictive value in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: We evaluated the feasibility of CEA/CK20 mRNA and CEA/CA19-9 proteins as tumor markers for colorectal cancer by detecting tumor-specific mRNAs in circulating tumor cells and secreted tumor-specific proteins in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients.

Patients And Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 23 healthy volunteers and 46 colorectal cancer patients on the day of initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery (stages I-III, n = 27) or on the first day of chemotherapy after diagnosis (stage IV, n = 19). Levels of CEA/CK20 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and serum CEA/CA19-9 protein levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.

Clinical significance of indefinite for dysplasia on pouch biopsy in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: "Indefinite for dysplasia" (IND) on pouch mucosal biopsy is occasionally reported during routine histopathological evaluation. The natural history and implication of this histologic entity in ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has not been studied.

Aim: The aim of this study is to characterize cumulative probability, natural history, and clinical outcome of pouch IND in a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Cathepsin B cleavable novel prodrug Ac-Phe-Lys-PABC-ADM enhances efficacy at reduced toxicity in treating gastric cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis: an experimental study.

Background: Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is effective in gastric cancer treatment, but with severe dose-dependent toxicities. A novel prodrug of doxorubicin (Ac-Phe-Lys-PABC-ADM) is designed to deliver free doxorubicin relying on cathepsin B and reduce side effects. The authors examined the antitumor effect and toxicities of Ac-Phe-Lys-PABC-ADM against gastric cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Quantum dots-based double-color imaging of HER2 positive breast cancer invasion.

It has been well recognized that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) level in breast cancer (BC) is closely related to the malignant biologic behaviors of the tumor, including invasion and metastasis. Yet, there has been a lack of directly observable evidence to support such notion. Here we report a quantum dots (QDs)-based double-color imaging technique to simultaneously show the HER2 level on BC cells and the type IV collagen in the tumor matrix.

Patterns of cancer invasion revealed by QDs-based quantitative multiplexed imaging of tumor microenvironment.

Tumor growth and progression depends on their microenvironment, which undergoes constant co-evolution because of the dynamic tumor-stormal interactions. Such co-evolution has long been under appreciated due to the lack of appropriate technology platforms to simultaneously reveal these complex interactions. Here we report on a quantum dots based multiplexed imaging and spectrum analysis technology to simultaneously study major components of tumor stroma, including type IV collagen, tumor angiogenesis, macrophages infiltration and tissue destructive proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 9.

Co-evolution of cancer microenvironment reveals distinctive patterns of gastric cancer invasion: laboratory evidence and clinical significance.

Background: Cancer invasion results from constant interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Major components of the cancer microenvironment are stromal cells, infiltrating inflammatory cells, collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and newly formed blood vessels. This study was to determine the roles of MMP-9, MMP-2, type IV collagen, infiltrating macrophages and tumor microvessels in gastric cancer (GC) invasion and their clinico-pathological significance.