Combination of TMB and CNA Stratifies Prognostic and Predictive Responses to Immunotherapy Across Metastatic Cancer.

Purpose: Although tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been well known to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), lack of randomized clinical trial data has restricted its clinical application. This study aimed to explore the significance and feasibility of biomarker combination based on TMB and copy-number alteration (CNA) for the prognosis of each tumor and prediction for ICI therapy in metastatic pan-cancer milieu.

Experimental Design: Non-ICI-treated MSK pan-cancer cohort was used for prognosis analysis.

Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake.

An ultrasonic-assisted technique was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies. Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L(3)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W.

Chemical analysis and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from Inonotus obliquus sclerotia.

Three water-soluble polysaccharide fractions (IOP40, IOP60 and IOP80) were isolated by using different concentrations of alcohol precipitation from Inonotus obliquus sclerotia. Their physicochemical properties, including total sugar content, protein content, monosaccharide composition and percentage were analyzed. And their in vitro antioxidant capacities were investigated in terms of reducing power assay and scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Chemical modification of an acidic polysaccharide (TAPA1) from Tremella aurantialba and potential biological activities.

TAPA1 was previously isolated from Tremella aurantialba fruiting bodies. In this paper, an acetylated derivative (TAPA1-ac) and a deactylated derivative (TAPA1-deac) of TAPA1 were prepared, and their characterization and immunostimulating activities were reported. Acetylation and deacetylation were found to occur actually by FT-IR and NMR spectra, together with calculational results.

Purification, chemical modification and immunostimulating activity of polysaccharides from Tremella aurantialba fruit bodies.

Ultrafiltration and a series of chromatographic steps were used to isolate and purify polysaccharides from Tremella aurantialba fruit bodies. Three crude fractions (TAP50w, TAP10-50w, and TAP1-10w), five semi-purified fractions (TAPA-TAPE), and one purified fraction (TAPA1) were obtained. A sulfated derivative of TAPA1 (TAPA1-s) was prepared by chemical modification.

Structural elucidation and immuno-stimulating activity of an acidic heteropolysaccharide (TAPA1) from Tremella aurantialba.

A novel acidic heteropolysaccharide (TAPA1) was purified from hot water extracts of Tremella aurantialba fruiting bodies by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-500 High-Resolution Chromatography. The heteropolysaccharide had a molecular weight of ca. 1.