A real-world study of infectious complications of venetoclax combined with decitabine or azacitidine in adult acute myeloid leukemia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence, sites and main pathogens, and risk factors for infectious complications occurring in patients with adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the first course of venetoclax combined with decitabine or azacitidine.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed of 81 patients with AML older than 14 years who received the first cycle of venetoclax combined with a hypomethylating agent (HMA) between March 2018 and March 2021 at our institution. Infectious complications, if any, were documented.

Synchronous diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Two case reports.

Background: The concurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is rare. Previous reports of such cases have focused mainly on clinical diagnosis and characteristics, so the mechanism remains unclear, and therapy options have been poorly explored.

Case Summary: Here, we report two cases of synchronous AML and CLL.

MNK1 inhibitor CGP57380 overcomes mTOR inhibitor-induced activation of eIF4E: the mechanism of synergic killing of human T-ALL cells.

Although the treatment of adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has been significantly improved, the heterogeneous genetic landscape of the disease often causes relapse. Aberrant activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in T-ALL is responsible for treatment failure and relapse, suggesting that mTOR inhibition may represents a new therapeutic strategy. In this study, we investigated whether the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor everolimus could be used as a therapeutic agent against human T-ALL.

Salvage tigecycline in high risk febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies: a prospective multicenter study.

The purpose of this prospective, multi-center study was to examine the efficacy and safety of tigecycline as empirical treatment in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies who failed to respond to first-line antibiotics. A total of 125 patients with persistent fever (>72 h) despite first-line antibiotics received empirical treatment with tigecycline (loading dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h). The use of other antimicrobial agents was not restricted.

[Apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells induced by CDK inhibitor SNS-032 and its molecular mechanisms].

Objective: To investigate the effects of cycle-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor SNS-032 on apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) HL-60 cells and its molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Cultured AML HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations of SNS-032. Cell apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry;cell viability was measured by MTT assay; the profiles of microRNA expression of HL-60 cells were analyzed by microRNA microarray;the protein expressions of JAK2/STAT3 pathway were detected by Western blotting.

[Itraconazole for secondary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole for secondary prophylaxis of previous proven or probable invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients undergoing chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in agranulocytosis state.

Methods: A phase IV prospective, open-label, multicenter trial was conducted to evaluate itraconazole (200 mg q12h intravenously d1-2, 200 mg/d) as secondary antifungal prophylaxis in patients (18-65 years old) undergoing chemotherapy or HSCT with previous proven or probable IFI. Itraconazole was started when patients' neutrophils＜1.

Prognostic values of various clinical factors and genetic subtypes for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients: a retrospective analysis of 227 cases.

Aim: To analyze the significance of different clinical factors for prognostic prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven DLBCL patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were managed with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen or rituximab plus the CHOP (RCHOP) regimen.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of isolated extramedullary relapse in acute leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a single-center analysis.

Isolated extramedullary relapse (EMR) of acute leukemia (AL) is a rare occurrence. However, it appears to be more common after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). To characterize what has been observed in isolated EMR, we investigated 287 consecutive AL patients (144 acute myeloid leukemia; 138 acute lymphocytic leukemia; 5 acute mixed-lineage leukemia) who underwent allo-SCT.

[Roles of microvesicles in tumor progress and its clinical application].

Microvesicles transport special proteins, micro RNA and DNA segments, which provides new access to intercellular communication. Tumor-derived membrane microvesicles (TMV) are involved in the tumor progress by transporting tumor-derived proteins, delivering microRNA to surrounding normal cells to alter their phenotype and promoting reverse transcription to interfere gene stability and to create tumor microenvironment. TMV also play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis and matrix degradation, which facilitates malignant cell metastasis.

Role of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic diseases.

The goal of our study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic disease. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 16 patients with hematologic diseases, who were initially suspected to have pulmonary fungal infection clinically and underwent further diagnostic methods including blood culture, sputum culture and percutaneous lung biopsy. Of the 16 patients, 10 were diagnosed fungal infection (8 aspergillus, 2 mold fungus), 4 chronic organizing pneumonitis, 1 tuberculosis, and 1 Pneumocystis carinii through histological examination after percutaneous lung biopsy.

Candida tropicalis arthritis in a patient with acute leukemia.

Candida arthritis in patient with hematological malignancy is rare. A case of Candida tropicalis arthritis of knee occurred in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia was reported during the recovery phase of post chemotherapy myelosuppression and agranulocytosis. The patient was diagnosed as Candida tropicalis arthritis of knee according to the Candida tropicalis isolated from the synovial fluid.

[Study on unrelated donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with Bu-CY2 conditioning regimen for myelodysplastic syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bu-CY(2) conditioning regimen on allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with unrelated donor for myelodysplastic syndrome.

Methods: Six patients received chemotherapy regimen of busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (CY) before allogeneic BMT (Bu 4 mg . kg(-1) .

[The relationship between expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor and acute leukemia subtype].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pathogenesis of acute leukemia (AL).

Methods: VEGF mRNA expression was analysed by using semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique. VEGF level of culture supernatant of the bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) was detected by ELISA.

[Treatment of childhood leukemia with unrelated donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

Objective: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been established as a standard method for the treatment of a range of malignant and non-malignant hematologic diseases in children. Unfortunately, fewer than 30% of patients have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling. Advances in our understanding of the HLA system and the development of large international donor registries encourage the increasing use of unrelated donors as an alternative source of stem cells.

[A comparison of clinical outcomes between HLA allele matched and 1 - 2 alleles mismatched unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantations].

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes between HLA allele matched (HLA-M) and 1 approximately 2 alleles disparity mismatched (HLA-mis) unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (URD-BMT).

Methods: Thirty-nine patients received HLA-M and 21 received HLA-mis URD-BMT for the treatment of acute leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CP) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in our hospital between November 1998 and December 2002. Conditioning regimen was Bu 16 mg/kg plus CTX 120 mg/kg, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), CsA and MTX were given to prevent aGVHD.

Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis of endothelium and down-regulates VEGF expression of K562 cells.

Homoharringtonine (HHT) has currently been used successfully in the treatment of acute and chronic myeloid leukemias and has been shown to induce apoptosis of different types of leukemic cells in vitro. Emerging evidence suggests that angiogenesis may play an important role in hematological malignancies, such as leukemia. However, whether HHT can relieve leukemia by anti-angiogenesis is still unknown.

[Treatment of one case of adult chronic myelogenous leukemia by two units of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation].

To explore the hematopoietic reconstitution and transplantation-related complications of two units of unrelated umbilical cord blood combined transplantation for the treatment of adult hematologic malignancies, one adult patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia received two units of unrelated umbilical cord blood combined transplantation. The conditioning regimen was busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu-Cy). GVHD prophylaxis regimen consisted of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclosporine A (CsA) and methotrexate (MTX).

[The clinical significance of angiogenesis in the bone marrow of acute leukemia patients].

Objective: To study the angiogenesis in bone marrow and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone marrow fluid from acute leukemia (AL) patients and to explore their clinical significance.

Methods: Microvessels in each bone marrow specimen section were counted by immunohistochemical identification of microvascular endothelial cells with anti-human von Willebrand factor under light microscopy in field 400 times. The VEGF level in bone marrow fluid was measured by ELISA.