Reinjury risk of nano-calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals on injured renal epithelial cells: aggravation of crystal adhesion and aggregation.

Background: Renal epithelial cell injury facilitates crystal adhesion to cell surface and serves as a key step in renal stone formation. However, the effects of cell injury on the adhesion of nano-calcium oxalate crystals and the nano-crystal-induced reinjury risk of injured cells remain unclear.

Methods: African green monkey renal epithelial (Vero) cells were injured with H2O2 to establish a cell injury model.

Interaction between submicron COD crystals and renal epithelial cells.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the adhesion characteristics between submicron calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) with a size of 150 ± 50 nm and African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero cells) before and after damage, and to discuss the mechanism of kidney stone formation.

Methods: Vero cells were oxidatively injured by hydrogen peroxide to establish a model of injured cells. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe Vero-COD adhesion.

Inhibition on calcium oxalate crystallization and repair on injured renal epithelial cells of degraded soybean polysaccharide.

This paper investigated the inhibitory effect of degraded soybean polysaccharide (DPS) on the growth of calcium oxalate (CaOxa) crystals. The results were compared with that of soybean polysaccharide without degradation (SPS). The data showed that DPS exhibited a much higher efficiency to inhibit CaOxa growth and stabilize calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) compared with SPS.

Anticoagulation of diethyl citrate and its comparison with sodium citrate in an animal model.

Aims: To improve the side effects caused by sodium citrate (Na(3)Cit), the anticoagulant effects of diethyl citrate (Et(2)Cit) were investigated.

Methods: The in vitro anticoagulant effects and dissociation capacity of the chelate of Et(2)Cit with calcium ions were compared with those of Na(3)Cit in rabbits.

Results: The activated coagulation time test showed that blood clotting time exceeded 1,200 s when the concentrations of Et(2)Cit and Na(3)Cit were greater than 87.

Renal epithelial cell injury and its promoting role in formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate.

The injurious effect of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on renal epithelial cells of the African green monkey (Vero cells) and the difference in the modulation of Vero cells on crystal growth of calcium oxalate (CaOxa) before and after injury were investigated. The degree of injury of Vero cells was proportional to the concentration and action time of H(2)O(2). After the cells had been injured, the released amount of malonaldehyde in the culture medium increased, the superoxide dismutase activity decreased, the expression quantity of osteopontin on the surface of Vero cells increased significantly, the zeta potential became more negative, and the amount of CaOxa crystals adhering to cells increased.

Composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of lithogenic patients and healthy persons.

The composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of healthy persons and lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the main composition of urinary nanocrystals in healthy persons were calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), uric acid, and ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite). However, the main compositions of urinary nanocrystals in lithogenic patients were struvite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, uric acid, COD, and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM).