Three New Species of (Basidiomycota, Russulaceae) from Guizhou Province, Southwest China.

is a distinct genus of milkcaps, well known as ectomycorrhizal fungi. The characteristics of the genus include grayish-yellow, orange to orange-brown, or reddish-brown pileus, white latex from the damaged lamellae, discoloring to a brownish color, reticulate spore ornamentation, lampropalisade-type pileipellis, and the presence of lamprocystidia. Guizhou Province is rich in wild mushroom resources due to its special geographical location and natural environment.

[Effect of electroacupuncture on expression of hippocampal Caspase-3 in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury].

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression level of Caspase-3, so as to explore its mechanism in inhibiting apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.

Methods: SD male rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, model, EA and Caspase-3 inhibitor groups (=20 rats in each group). The focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rat model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.

Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Reducing Inflammatory Response and Cell Pyroptosis by Inhibiting NLRP3 and Caspase-1.

Cell pyroptosis is one of the main forms of neuronal injury after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. It is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction and regulated by the caspase gene family. Electroacupuncture (EA) can reduce neuronal injury caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and we speculated that EA can prevent neuronal pyroptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by regulating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 pathway.

Electroacupuncture exerts neuroprotective effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury in JNK knockout mice: the underlying mechanism.

Simple regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways is not enough to trigger cell apoptosis. However, activation of the stress activated pathway (JNK/p38 MAPK) together with inhibition of the growth factor activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway can promote cell apoptosis. We hypothesized that inhibition of the JNK or p38 pro-apoptotic pathway and activating the ERK pathway could be the mechanism of anti-apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Aliibacillus thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.: a thermophilic and heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium from compost.

A novel moderately thermophilic and heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain BM62, was isolated from compost in the thermophilic stage in Harbin, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain BM62 belongs to the family Bacillaceae within the class Bacilli and was most closely related to Alteribacillus iranensis X5B (only 94.6% sequence similarity).

Electroacupuncture reduces apoptotic index and inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the hippocampus of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Electroacupuncture attenuates cerebral hypoxia and neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. To further identify the involved mechanisms, we assumed that electroacupuncture used to treat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was associated with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. We established rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury using the modified Zea-Longa's method.

Expression and Characteristics of an Endoglucanase from Trichoderma atroviride (TaEGII) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Endoglucanase secreted by the fungus Trichoderma atroviride is a kind of cellulase. An endoglucanase gene egII was cloned from T. atroviride AS3.

[Effect of long-term fertilization on microbial community functional diversity in black soil].

In order to study the effects of long-term different fertilization on microbial community functional diversity in arable black. soil, we examined microbial metabolic activities in two soil la- yers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm) under four treatments (CK, NPK, M, MNPK) from a 35-year continuous fertilization field at the Ministry of Agriculture Key Field Observation Station of Harbin Black Soil Ecology Environment using Biolog-ECO method. The results showed that: in the 0-20 cm soil layer, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer(MNPK) increased the rate of soil microbial carbon source utilization and community metabolism richness, diversity and dominance; In the 20-40 cm layer, these indices of the MNPK treatment was lower than that of the NPK treat- ment; while NPK treatment decreased soil microbial community metabolism evenness in both layers.

Synergistic roles of p53 and HIF1α in human renal cell carcinoma-cell apoptosis responding to the inhibition of mTOR and MDM2 signaling pathways.

Introduction: mTOR and MDM2 signaling pathways are frequently deregulated in cancer development, and inhibition of mTOR or MDM2 independently enhances carcinoma-cell apoptosis. However, responses to mTOR and MDM2 antagonists in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unknown.

Materials And Methods: A498 cells treated with MDM2 antagonist MI-319 and/or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin were employed in the present study.

Impacts of drought stress on soluble carbohydrates and respiratory enzymes in fruit body of .

In order to study the survival mechanisms to drought stress for fruit body of , soluble carbohydrates and respiratory enzymes were investigated. Fruit bodies were exposed to sunlight and were naturally dehydrated. Samples were taken at different levels of water loss (0%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 70%) to measure the content of soluble sugars and polysaccharides.

[Effect of cellulose-decomposing strain on microbial community of cow manure compost].

Taking the cow dung and straw as composting raw materials, effect of cellulose-decomposing strain on microbial community of cow manure compost was investigated with the traditional culture method and PCR-DGGE technique. The results showed that the microbiological inocula showed a more rapid rate of temperature elevation at the start of composting and prolonged the time of high-temperature process and increased the number of microbial. The DGGE map of cellulose-decomposing strain compost was different from natural compost, the succession of microbial community in cellulose-decomposing strain was faster than natural compost.

Rapamycin enhances the susceptibility of both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate carcinoma cells to docetaxel.

Background: Docetaxel (DOC) therapy is well tolerated and shows high response rates in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). There are many reports on the effect of rapamycin (RPM) on the treatment of carcinogenesis. The goal of this study was to test whether RPM could enhance the susceptibility of both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate carcinoma cells to DOC.

Mutations of the multi-drug resistance-associated protein ABC transporter gene 5 result in reduction of phytic acid in rice seeds.

Phytic acid (PA, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) is important to the nutritional quality of cereal and legume seeds. PA and its salts with micronutrient cations, such as iron and zinc, cannot be digested by humans and non-ruminant animals, and hence may affect food/feed nutritional value and cause P pollution of groundwater from animal waste. We previously developed a set of low phytic acid (LPA) rice mutant lines with the aim of increasing the nutritional quality of rice.

[Construction of chicken embryo fibroblasts cDNA expression library].

Chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) is a primary cellular material to research the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Constructing the cDNA expression library of CEF is the foundation to research cell tropism and find cell receptors of IBDV from CEF. In order to achieve that purpose, a high-quality cDNA expression library of CEF was constructed by Gateway technology, which could avoid using the restriction enzyme for cloning to solve technical limitation of roution method.

Generation and characterization of low phytic acid germplasm in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Phytic acid (PA, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate), or its salt form, phytate, is commonly regarded as the major anti-nutritional component in cereal and legume grains. Breeding of low phytic acid (lpa) crops has recently been considered as a potential way to increase nutritional quality of crop products. In this study, eight independent lpa rice mutant lines from both indica and japonica subspecies were developed through physical and chemical mutagenesis.