Total and cancer mortality after supplementation with vitamins and minerals: follow-up of the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial.

Background: The General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial was a randomized primary esophageal and gastric cancer prevention trial conducted from 1985 to 1991, in which 29,584 adult participants in Linxian, China, were given daily vitamin and mineral supplements. Treatment with "factor D," a combination of 50 microg selenium, 30 mg vitamin E, and 15 mg beta-carotene, led to decreased mortality from all causes, cancer overall, and gastric cancer. Here, we present 10-year follow-up after the end of active intervention.

Chemoprevention of primary liver cancer: a randomized, double-blind trial in Linxian, China.

Background: Primary liver cancer is a common malignancy with a dismal prognosis. New primary prevention strategies are needed to reduce mortality from this disease. We examined the effects of supplementation with four different combinations of vitamins and minerals on primary liver cancer mortality among 29450 initially healthy adults from Linxian, China.

[A prospective study on the relationship between nutrition intervention and incidence of malignant tumors in Lin County, China].

Objective: To analyze the tendency in the incidence of malignant tumors in nutrition-intervened population of Lin County.

Methods: Subjects who had been enrolled in the General Population Trial, Lin County Nutrition Intervention Trial were followed up and the data of malignant tumors were collected with collaboration of National Cancer Institute/National Institute of Health. Incidences of malignant tumors during and after nutrition intervention were calculated and compared.

Lung cancer chemoprevention: a randomized, double-blind trial in Linxian, China.

We examined the effect of supplementation with four different combinations of vitamins and minerals in the prevention of lung cancer mortality among 29,584 healthy adults from Linxian, China. In accord with a partial factorial design, the participants were randomly assigned to take either a vitamin/mineral combination or a placebo for 5.25 years.

Serum concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and risk of primary liver cancer.

Background: 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) exposure has been demonstrated to cause liver tumors in laboratory rodents. DDT's persistent metabolite and environmental degradation product, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), has also been associated with liver tumors in laboratory animals. Whether DDT and DDE are associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in humans is not clear.

Self-reported goiter is associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma in a large population-based Chinese cohort.

Iodine is concentrated by the gastric mucosa, where it may act as an antioxidant. Therefore, iodine deficiency, and its sequelae goiter, may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. We examined the association between self-reported goiter and upper gastrointestinal cancer in a Chinese cohort of 29,584 adults.

Hepatitis C virus infection, Linxian, China.

Bloodborne viruses may have spread in rural China during the past 25 years, but population-based prevalence estimates are lacking. We examined the frequency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV type 1 (HIV-1) among residents of Linxian, a rural community in Henan Province. In 2000, blood was collected from participants (> or = 55 years of age) who had enrolled in a population-based nutritional intervention trial in 1985.

Prospective study of risk factors for esophageal and gastric cancers in the Linxian general population trial cohort in China.

Esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rates in Linxian, China are among the highest in the world. We examined risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC), and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC) in a population-based, prospective study of 29,584 adults who participated in the Linxian General Population Trial. All study participants completed a baseline questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics, personal and family history of disease, and lifestyle factors.

[Analysis of mortality rate of stomach cancer and its trend in twenty years in China].

Objective: To analyze and predict the trend in mortality rate of stomach cancer in twenty years in China.

Methods: Stomach cancer mortality data collected from the China national survey over the period 1970s - 1990s for the cause of death were analyzed.

Results: The adjusted mortality rate of stomach cancer in 1990s increased by 11.

Prospective study of serum selenium concentrations and esophageal and gastric cardia cancer, heart disease, stroke, and total death.

Background: We previously reported an inverse association between prediagnostic serum selenium concentrations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia cancer (GCC) but not gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC) in a nested study from the Nutrition Intervention Trial in Linxian, China.

Objective: We examined the relation between baseline serum selenium and the subsequent risk of death from ESCC, GCC, GNCC, heart disease (HD), stroke, and total death over 15 y of follow-up (1986-2001).

Design: We measured baseline serum selenium concentrations in 1103 subjects randomly selected from a larger trial cohort.

[Changes of mortality rate for cervical cancer during 1970's and 1990's periods in China].

Objective: To describe the distribution changes of the mortality rate for cervical cancer in China between the 1970's and 1990's and provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control strategies for cervical cancer campaign in China between next century.

Methods: Data from two National Surveys for the Causes of Death in 1970's and 1990's in China. The crude and adjusted mortality rates for the cervical cancer and the distributions based on age and area were calculated and described.