Neuroimaging differences between chronic migraine with and without medication overuse headache: a 7 Tesla multimodal MRI study.

Background: Chronic migraine (CM) patients with medication overuse headache (MOH) exhibit distinct neurobiological alterations compared to those without MOH. However, prior studies, often limited to single imaging modalities, have yielded inconsistent findings. This study employs multimodal MRI-combining structural, diffusion tensor, and functional imaging-to characterize brain abnormalities in CM patients with and without MOH, while investigating the relationship between acute analgesic use frequency and these changes.

Anoctamin5 deficiency enhances ATG9A-dependent autophagy, inducing osteogenesis and gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia-like bone formation.

Mutations in the anoctamin5 (ANO5) gene can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, with monoallelic (autosomal dominant) mutations typically presenting as skeletal abnormalities known as Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD). Clinically, GDD is characterized by thickened cortices of long bones and mandibles, narrowed medullary cavities, and increased bone fragility. While autophagy is necessary in regulating bone formation, the specific relationship between ANO5 and autophagy remains poorly understood.

Ano5 deficiency disturbed bone formation by inducing osteoclast apoptosis in Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia.

Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by cemento-ossifying fibroma lesions in the mandible and sclerosis of tubular bones. Currently, the clinical treatment of GDD is limited to surgical resection; therefore, novel treatment strategies developed through exploration of the related mechanisms are needed. Mutations in the TMEM16E/ANO5 gene are considered the main pathogenic factor of GDD, and the Ano5 knockout mouse model (Ano5) established previously, which presented GDD-like characteristics, exhibited decreased osteoclastogenesis.

Electrically programmable pixelated coherent mid-infrared thermal emission.

Active metasurfaces have recently emerged as compact, lightweight, and efficient platforms for dynamic control of electromagnetic fields and optical responses. However, the complexities associated with their post-fabrication tunability significantly hinder their widespread applications, especially for the mid-infrared range due to material scarcity and design intricacy. Here, we experimentally demonstrate highly dynamic, pixelated modulations of coherent mid-infrared emission based on an electrically programmable plasmonic metasurface integrated with graphene field-effect transistors (Gr-FETs).

A Novel Gene DUSP8 Missense Mutation Causes Nonsyndromic Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis by Dysregulating Lysine Lactylation.

Aims: The goal of this study was to explore new candidate genes and pathogenesis mechanisms of nonsyndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis (nsHGF) and to provide an experimental basis for the diagnosis of nsHGF.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on peripheral blood DNA from three nsHGF family members to screen for new candidate genes, and Sanger sequencing and related databases were used to verify the pathogenicity of this gene deficiency. Moreover, the effects of gene deficiency on the biological characteristics of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were evaluated via cell proliferation assays, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition detection, cell apoptosis and cell cycle assessment, cell migration and gene expression analyses.

Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Among Newly Diagnosed HIV Individuals - China, 2018-2023.

Introduction: The widespread adoption of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) has led to the emergence of INSTI-associated drug-resistance mutations. This cross-sectional study conducted a comprehensive national survey to investigate the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to INSTIs among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) individuals in China.

Methods: The study enrolled 10,654 individuals from 31 provincial-level administrative divisions between 2018 and 2023.

Bibliometric analysis of metformin as an immunomodulator (2013-2024).

Background: Metformin, the frontline treatment for diabetes, has considerable potential as an immunomodulator; however, detailed bibliometric analyses on this subject are limited.

Methods: This study extracted 640 relevant articles from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection and conducted visual analyses using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.

Results: The findings showed that research on the immunomodulatory function of metformin has grown steadily since 2017, with China and the United States being the leading contributors.

Optimizing nitrogen fertilization rate to achieve high yield and high soil quality in paddy ecosystems with straw incorporation.

Plastic film mulching is a potentially water-saving cultivation strategy, while straw return coupled with nitrogen (N) fertilization can ensure sustainable soil productivity and increased soil organic matter (SOM) sequestration. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of how soil quality and agronomic productivity respond to long-term N fertilization and straw incorporation practices under non-flooded conditions with plastic film mulching remains elusive. Herein, a 15-year field experiment with straw incorporation practices (straw return and no straw return) under various N fertilization rates (N0, N1, N2, N3, and N4: 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha, respectively) was conducted to explore their long-term effects.

The quality of Tibetan sheep meat from pastures was synergistically regulated by the rumen microbiota and related genes at different phenological stages.

Meat quality is a key indicator of meat performance in ruminants, and its mechanism and regulation are also key to ruminant research. Studies have shown that animal meat quality is related to the gut microbiota. In this study, RT-qPCR and 16S omics were employed to assess meat quality and intestinal microbiota.

Liquid-infused nanostructured composite as a high-performance thermal interface material for effective cooling.

Effective heat dissipation remains a grand challenge for energy-dense devices and systems. As heterogeneous integration becomes increasingly inevitable in electronics, thermal resistance at interfaces has emerged as a critical bottleneck for thermal management. However, existing thermal interface solutions are constrained by either high thermal resistance or poor reliability.

Effects of Exogenous Boron on Salt Stress Responses of Three Mangrove Species.

Salt stress is common but detrimental to plant growth, even in mangroves that live in saline areas. Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient that performs an important role in many functions in plants; however, its protective role under salt stress is poorly understood, especially in long-lived woody plants. In this study, we conducted an indoor experiment under simulated tidal conditions with four treatments (10‱ salinity, 40‱ salinity, 40‱ salinity + 100 μM B, and 40‱ salinity + 500 μM B) and three mangrove species (, , and ) to investigate the effects of exogenous B on salt tolerance in plant growth, morphology, physiology, and leaf anatomy.

Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change.

In agricultural production, droughts occurring during the crucial growth periods of crops hinder crop development, while the daily-scale standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index () can be applied to accurately identify the drought characteristics. In this study, we used the statistical downscaling method to obtain the daily precipitation (), maximum air temperature () and minimum air temperature () during the rice growing season in Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2100 under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.

SUGT1 is a prognostic biomarker and is associated with immune infiltrates in ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a prevalent gynecological malignancy with a relatively dismal prognosis. The SGT1 homolog (SUGT1) protein, which interacts with heat shock protein 90 and is essential for the G1/S and G2/M transitions, was formerly thought to be a cancer promoter, but its precise role in OC remains unknown.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of SUGT1 expression in patients with OC compared with their normal controls, including the data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) databases, gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA).

Physician Payment Incentives and Active Surveillance in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Active surveillance in men with less aggressive prostate cancer is inconsistently used despite clinical guidelines. Renumeration generally favors treatment over conservative management and may contribute to the variable adoption of active surveillance, which suggests that value-based payment incentives may promote guideline-concordant care.

Objective: To describe the adoption of active surveillance in low-risk prostate cancer, following the initiation of a novel payment incentive sponsored by a commercial payer to support its use.

Screened of long non-coding RNA related to wool development and fineness in Gansu alpine fine-wool sheep.

Wool growth and fineness regulation is influenced by some factors such as genetics and environment. At the same time, lncRNA participates in numerous biological processes in animal production. In this research, we conducted a thorough analysis and characterization of the microstructure of wool, along with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), their target genes, associated pathways, and Gene Ontology terms pertinent to the wool fineness development.

LIPUS promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs and osseointegration of dental implants by regulating ITGA11 and focal adhesion pathway.

Background: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used as an effective noninvasive method for treating fractures and osteoarthrosis, but the application in the field of oral implantation is in its infancy. This study aimed to clarify the effect and mechanism of LIPUS on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and implant osseointegration, and to provide an experimental basis for future clinical applications.

Methods: Dental implants were inserted into Wistar rat femurs, and LIPUS was performed for 4 weeks.

Effect of age on lung adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in Tibetan sheep.

After prolonged adaptation to high-altitude environments, Tibetan sheep have developed a robust capacity to withstand hypobaric hypoxia. Compared to low-altitude sheep, various organs and tissues in Tibetan sheep have undergone significant adaptive remodeling, particularly in the lungs. However, whether lambs and adult Tibetan sheep exhibit similar adaptations to high-altitude hypoxia remains unclear.

RNA-seq analysis of the biological process and regulatory signal of TGF-β1-mediated changes in ovarian granulosa cells in small-tail Han sheep.

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) regulates the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells and participates in follicular development in small-tail Han sheep via the SMAD pathway. However, which additional biological processes and regulatory mechanisms are involved in TGF-β1-mediated regulation of granulosa cell changes remains unknown. In this study, TGF-β1-treated (10 ng/mL) ovarian granulosa cells of small-tail Han sheep were used as the model, RNA-Seq was employed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and rescue experiments were used to verify selected key pathways.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Insights into Age-Related Changes in Lung Tissue of Yaks Under Highland Stress.

As an indigenous species on the Tibetan Plateau, the yak is well adapted to the plateau hypoxic environment. The high-altitude hypoxia adaptation of the yak requires the adaptive reshaping of multiple tissues and organs, especially the lungs. To reveal the adaptive development of yak lungs under hypoxic stress at the tissue and molecular levels, we conducted histomorphological observations as well as transcriptomic and metabolomic studies of yak lungs at three ages (0.

A novel splice site mutation in Chinese associated with cleidocranial dysplasia.

Pathogenic genes in most patients with cleidocranial dysplasia have been confirmed to be runt-related transcription factor 2 (), which controls mutations in specific osteoblast transcription factors and affects skull ossification and suture adhesion. This study aimed to explore the role of mutations. Here, we report a rare case of a splice site mutation in a Chinese population with typical cleidocranial dysplasia symptoms, cranial suture insufficiency, clavicle dysplasia, and dental anomalies.

Inhibition of CRLF1 expression by miR-8485 alleviates IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of differentially expressed miR-8485 on chondrocyte inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) and its underlying pathological mechanisms. MiR-8485, which was downregulated in OA, was identified by microarray analysis, and was also found to be decreased in IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cells. miR-8485 down-regulation or IL-1β treated of C28/I2 cells induces a decrease in cellular activity, an increase in apoptosis, an elevation in Cleaved caspase-3, MMP13, and ADAMTS5 protein levels, a decrease in Collagen II and Aggrecan levels, and an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6.

Commercial prices and their influence on urology practices: Prostate cancer care among men with Medicare.

Background: For men with prostate cancer, there is substantial variation in the use of conservative management, such as active surveillance. Commercial prices, which vary across urology practices, may afford incentives that foster physician behaviors associated with utilization. Such behaviors may "spillover" to the Medicare population and affect quality.

Development and validation of a clinical prognostic model for BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer patients based on pathological stage, microsatellite status, and primary tumor site.

Objective: To develop and validate a prognostic model for patients with BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer.

Methods: The clinical and pathological information of 206 patients with BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer diagnosed in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College from 2014 to 2021 was retrospectively collected. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, Cox regression, and nomograms were used to develop clinical prognostic models.