Multisite Mutagenesis of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase (HPPD) Enhances Rice Resistance to HPPD Inhibitors and Its Carotenoid Contents.

While frequently used herbicides display limited efficacy against herbicide-resistant weeds, it becomes imperative to explore novel herbicides that ensure both effective weed management and environmental safety. Though 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitory herbicides like mesotrione are prevalent in maize weed management, their integration into rice production is hindered due to the inherent sensitivity of rice HPPD (). In this study, a mutant allele of featuring six amino acid substitutions, termed -6M, maintains enzymatic activity in 200 μm mesotrione while the wild type can only withstand 1 μm.

Taxonomic and functional changes in wheat rhizosphere microbiome caused by imidazoline-based herbicide and genetic modification.

Genetically modified (GM) crop cultivation has received a lot of attention in recent years due to the substantial public debate. Consequently, an in-depth investigation of excessively used GM herbicide-tolerant crops is a vital step for the biosafety of genetically modified plants. Several studies have been conducted to study the impact of transgenic GM crops on soil microbial composition; however, research into the effects of non-transgenic GM crops is inadequate.

Differential Resistance to Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors in Rice: Insights from Two Distinct Target-Site Mutations.

Weeds present a significant challenge to agricultural productivity, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides have proven to be effective in managing weed populations in rice fields. To develop ACCase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant rice, we generated mutants of rice ACCase (OsACC) featuring Ile-1792-Leu or Gly-2107-Ser substitutions through ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The Ile-1792-Leu mutant displayed cross-resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) and phenylpyrazoline (DEN) herbicides, whereas the Gly-2107-Ser mutants primarily exhibited cross-resistance to APP herbicides with diminished resistance to the DEN herbicide.

Translatome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Mechanism that Underlies the Enhancement of Salt Stress by the Small Peptide Ospep5 in Plants.

Salt stress significantly impedes plant growth and the crop yield. This study utilized transcriptome assembly and ribosome profiling to explore mRNA translation's role in rice salt tolerance. We identified unrecognized translated open reading frames (ORFs), including 42 upstream transcripts and 86 unannotated transcripts.

In vitro digestion under simulated saliva, gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation of nicotinamide mononucleotide, and its effects on the gut microbiota.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is a derivative of vitamin B3, which plays a significant role in a plethora of metabolic reactions in the human body and is intricately associated with both immunity and metabolism. Nonetheless, in the intestine metabolic pathway of NMN and the relationship between NMN, gut microbiota, and SCFAs remain hitherto obscure. This study examined the digestion of NMN in simulated saliva, gastric, and small intestine environments, as well as exploring the interaction between NMN and human gut microbiota utilizing an in vitro fermentation model.

Heat-Moisture Treatment Further Reduces In Vitro Digestibility and Enhances Resistant Starch Content of a High-Resistant Starch and Low-Glutelin Rice.

A novel rice germplasm / producing grains rich in resistant starch (RS) but low in glutelin has been developed through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis for its potential benefits to patients with diabetes and kidney diseases. In this study, a hydrothermal approach known as heat-moisture treatment (HMT) was identified as a simple and effective method in reinforcing the nutritional benefits of / rice. As a result of HMT treatment at 120 °C for 2 h, significant reductions in in vitro digestibility and enhancements in RS content were observed in / rice flour when the rice flour mass fraction was 80% and 90%.

The GhMYB36 transcription factor confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stress by enhancing PR1 gene expression in plants.

Drought and Verticillium wilt disease are two main factors that limit cotton production, which necessitates the identification of key molecular switch to simultaneously improve cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae and tolerance to drought stress. R2R3-type MYB proteins could play such a role because of their conserved functions in plant development, growth, and metabolism regulation, however, till date a MYB gene conferring the desired resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses has not been found in cotton. Here, we describe the identification of GhMYB36, a gene encoding a R2R3-type MYB protein in Gossypium hirsutum, which confers drought tolerance and Verticilium wilt resistance in both Arabidopsis and cotton.

Evaluation of the Quality of a High-Resistant Starch and Low-Glutelin Rice ( L.) Generated through CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis.

A high-resistant starch (RS) and low-glutelin diet is beneficial for the health of patients with diabetes and kidney diseases. Rice is an important food crop worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that downregulating the expression of rice () affected the composition and the structure of starch.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus intergenic siRNAs target a host long noncoding RNA to modulate disease symptoms.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its related begomoviruses cause fast-spreading diseases in tomato worldwide. How this virus induces diseases remains largely unclear. Here we report a noncoding RNA-mediated model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV-tomato interaction and disease development.

Re-analysis of long non-coding RNAs and prediction of circRNAs reveal their novel roles in susceptible tomato following TYLCV infection.

Background: Long Noncoding-RNAs (LncRNAs) are known to be involved in some biological processes, but their roles in plant-virus interactions remain largely unexplored. While circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been studied in animals, there has yet to be extensive research on them in a plant system, especially in tomato-tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) interaction.

Results: In this study, RNA transcripts from the susceptible tomato line JS-CT-9210 either infected with TYLCV or untreated, were sequenced in a pair-end strand-specific manner using ribo-zero rRNA removal library method.

, a Gene Encoding a Receptor-Like Protein of Cotton (), Confers Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in and Upland Cotton.

Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne disease that can cause devastating losses in cotton production. Because there is no effective chemical means to combat the disease, the only effective way to control Verticillium wilt is through genetic improvement. Therefore, the identification of additional disease-resistance genes will benefit efforts toward the genetic improvement of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt.

Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Virus-Derived Viral Small RNAs Can Target Cotton Genes to Promote Viral Infection.

RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism in plants that targets viruses. Viral small RNAs (vsiRNAs) can be generated from viral double-stranded RNA replicative intermediates within the infected host, or from host RNA-dependent RNA polymerases activity on viral templates. The abundance and profile of vsiRNAs in viral infections have been reported previously.

A Ve homologous gene from Gossypium barbadense, Gbvdr3, enhances the defense response against Verticillium dahliae.

The tomato Ve1 gene and several Ve1 homologues are involved in the resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Here, we report on another Ve homologous gene, Gbvdr3, from a Verticillium wilt-resistant cotton cultivar, Gossypium barbadense Hai7124, which has a 3207-bp region that encodes a predicted receptor-like protein. Transient expression analyses indicated that Gbvdr3 is localized in the plasma membrane, and virus-induced gene silencing of Gbvdr3 compromised the resistance of Hai7124 cotton to a defoliating strain of V.

Ectopic expression of a Ve homolog VvVe gene from Vitis vinifera enhances defense response to Verticillium dahliae infection in tobacco.

Verticillium wilt is a soil borne disease that can cause devastating losses to the production of many economically important crops. A Ve1 homologous gene responding to Verticillium dahliae infection was identified in Vitis vinifera cv. "HeiFeng" by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and was designated as VvVe.

A P4-ATPase gene GbPATP of cotton confers chilling tolerance in plants.

Members of the P4 subfamily of P-type ATPases are implicated in generating lipid asymmetry between the two lipid leaflets of the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis and are important for resistance to low temperatures, but the function of P4-ATPases in cotton remains unclear. In this study, we found using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis that the expression of the P4-ATPase gene GbPATP in cotton was induced at low temperatures. In addition, GbPATP-silenced cotton plants were more sensitive to low temperatures and exhibited greater malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lower catalase (CAT) activity than the control plants.