A Newly Developed Indicator of Overeating Saturated Fat Based on Serum Fatty Acids and Amino Acids and Its Association With Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From Two Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials and a Prospective Study.

Objective: Hyper-caloric intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is common in modern societies, probably contributing to the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study conducted two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for developing a new indicator that can assess the nutritional status and examined its association with incidence of T2DM.

Methods: In RCT 1, healthy participants were randomly assigned into three groups, namely, control group ( = 40), overfeeding group 1 (100 g butter per day, = 37), and overfeeding group 2 (120 g butter per day, = 37).

Fetal malnutrition is associated with impairment of endogenous melatonin synthesis in pineal via hypermethylation of promoters of protein kinase C alpha and cAMP response element-binding.

This study investigated whether and how fetal malnutrition would influence endogenous melatonin synthesis, and whether such effect of fetal malnutrition would transmit to the next generation. We enrolled 2466 participants and 1313 of their offspring. The urine 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate and serum melatonin rhythm were measured.

Association of Meal and Snack Patterns With Mortality of All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003 to 2014.

Background Although accumulating evidence has demonstrated that consumption time of energy and macronutrients plays an important role in maintaining health, the association between consumption time of different foods and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortalities is still largely unknown. Methods and Results A noninstitutionalized household population of the US 21 503 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was included. Meal patterns and snack patterns throughout a whole day were measured using 24-hour dietary recall.

Third-hand smoke exposure is associated with abnormal serum melatonin level via hypomethylation of CYP1A2 promoter: Evidence from human and animal studies.

This study aimed to examine whether and how third-hand smoke (THS) exposure would influence serum melatonin level. 1083 participants with or without exposure to THS were enrolled. Serum ROS, SOD, GSH-Px, and melatonin were measured by ELISA.

Dibromoacetic acid exposure is associated with abnormal melatonin rhythm in rats via inhibition of p-CREB1-AANAT signalling pathway.

Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) is a by-product of disinfection in drinking water, which could cause many adverse effects in test animals. However, little research on its neurotoxicity has been conducted, and its mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study, ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were administered DBA at doses of 0, 30, and 90 mg/kg body weight for 28 days via oral gavage.

Sialic acid and anti-ganglioside antibody levels in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and impact neurological functions and behaviors. Sialic acid (SA) is an indispensable nutrient for early brain development, and its polymer polySia (PSA) can modify neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM), thereby indirectly mediating neuronal outgrowth, synaptic connectivity and memory formation. To investigate the association between SA and ASD, we conducted a case-control study.

Are gastrointestinal and sleep problems associated with behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder?

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from concurrent medical symptoms, including gastrointestinal (GI) and sleeping problems. However, there is limited information on the correlation between co-morbidities and autistic behavioral symptoms. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of GI and sleep problems in Chinese ASD children, examined the impacts of GI and sleep problems on autistic behavioral symptoms, and investigated the factors associated with GI and sleep problems.

[Diagnostic approaches of neurogenic erectile dysfunction].

Objectives: To discuss the diagnostic approaches of neurogenic erectile dysfunction(ED), and to improve the diagnostic efficacy.

Methods: Two hundred and one patients with ED were evaluated by physical examination, IIEF-5, intracavernous injection, colour duplex ultrasonography and bulbocavernosus reflex latency, respectively.

Results: Among those ED patients, 173, 201, 106, 57 and 27 cases had undergone above-mentioned examines, 13 neurogenic ED and 188 miscellaneous(and unknown-causes) ED were diagnosed.

[Therapeutic choices of penile erectile dysfunction].

Objectives: To discuss the therapeutic choices of erectile dysfunction (ED) and to improve the therapeutic efficacy for different ED cases.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven patients with ED were treated repectively with psychological treatment(31 cases), oral testosterone(30 cases), Viagra(121 cases), psychological treatment + Viagra (16 cases), intraurethral PGE1 (8 cases) and intracavemous injection(21 cases).

Results: Among those ED patients, 142 (62.