Novel insights into differences in the whey proteome of porcine and human colostrum and mature milk.

Many mothers are unable to exclusively breastfeed for several reasons. Other mammalian milks should be explored as human milk supplements. Pigs and humans are physiologically similar.

Key roles of milk-derived extracellular vesicles in intestinal tract, with special emphasis on microRNAs in extracellular vesicles.

Studies have indicated that milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) are resistant to both the enzymatic activity of digestive enzymes and the acidic conditions common in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the intestinal tract efficiently absorbs and uses these EVs. There is mounting evidence in recent years that microRNAs (miRNAs) found in EVs derived from milk are essential for the intestinal prebiotic effect through target gene regulation.

Different effects of polyphenols on hydration, pasting and rheological properties of rice starch under extrusion condition: From the alterations in starch structure.

Effects of polyphenols including caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), epigallocatechin gallate (EG), tannic acid (TA) and resveratrol (R) on physicochemical and structural properties of rice starch (RS) under the extrusion condition were investigated. Extrusion altered the hydration, pasting and rheological properties of rice starch. Adding FA exhibited the best improvement effect on hydration properties of extruded rice starch (E-RS).

Garlic peel extract as an antioxidant inhibits triple-negative breast tumor growth and angiogenesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

Garlic peels are frequently disposed of as agro-waste; their bioactivity and physiological activity for health benefits and disease protection are neglected. This study aims to examine the potential inhibitory effects of garlic peel extract as an antioxidant on 4 T1 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors in mice. The bioactive constituents of garlic peel were identified through HPLC-MS/MS analysis, while the antioxidant properties of garlic peel extract were assessed using peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays.

Almond polysaccharides inhibit DSS-induced inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis mice through NF-κB pathway.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the colon. Our previous findings demonstrated that almond polysaccharide (AP-1) exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the ameliorative effect of AP-1 on dextrose sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mice and to elucidate its possible mechanism of action.

Insight into the relationship between the starch crystalline structure and textural quality and physicochemical properties of reconstituted rice: Influence of feed moisture content.

Reconstituted rice was prepared by extrusion with different feed moistures (30 %, 33 %, 36 %, 39 % and 42 %), and the relationship between the crystalline structure, physicochemical properties, and textual quality of reconstituted rice was studied. The results revealed that, with the feed moisture increased (33 %-36 %), the gelatinization degree reached 97.28 % and the bound water content increased by 23.

Peptidome profiling of human, bovine, and donkey colostrum through label-free quantitative analysis reveals proteolysis of milk proteins.

Proteins and peptides play vital roles in different biological processes . As a dynamic hydrolysis system, milk is rich in proteins and proteases and provides a constant supply of endogenous bioactive peptides to newborn mammals. Previous studies have primarily focused on researching bioactive peptides by adding exogenous enzymes to milk samples.

Current Research on Probiotics and Fermented Products.

The history of probiotics and fermented products has evolved over millennia [...

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic reveal immune-related function of milk fat globule membrane in bovine milk of different lactation periods.

Information regarding protein expression and phosphorylation modifications in the bovine milk fat globule membrane is scarce, particularly throughout various lactation periods. This study employed a complete proteome and phosphoproteome between bovine colostrum and mature milk. A total of 11 proteins were seen in both protein expression and phosphorylation levels.

A preparation of debranched waxy maize starch derivatives: Effect of drying temperatures on crystallization and digestibility.

The impact of recrystallization conditions and drying temperatures on the crystallization and digestibility of native waxy maize (Zea mays L.) starch (NWMS) was explored. This study involved subjecting NWMS to concurrent debranching and crystallization at 50 °C for up to 7 days.

Phosphoproteomics Revealed Differentially Expressed Sites and Function of the Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Colostrum and Mature Milk.

One type of large and intricate post-translational modification of milk proteins that has significant biological implications is phosphorylation. The characterization of phosphoproteins found in the bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is still mostly unknown. Here, label-free phosphoproteomics was used to identify 94 phosphorylation sites from 54 MFGM phosphoproteins in bovine colostrum (BC) and 136 phosphorylation sites from 91 MFGM phosphoproteins in bovine mature milk (BM).

Revealing the diversity of endogenous peptides and parent proteins in human colostrum and mature milk through peptidomics analysis.

Endogenous peptides and their parent proteins are important nutritional components with diverse biological functions. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare endogenous peptides and parent proteins found in human colostrum (HC) and human mature milk (HM) using a 4D label-free technique. In total, 5162 and 940 endogenous peptides derived from 258 parent proteins were identified in human milk by database (DB) search and de novo, respectively.

Effects of almond (Armeniaca Sibirica L. Lam) polysaccharides on gut microbiota and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic properties of the almond polysaccharide AP-1 on intestinal microorganisms by using an in vitro fecal fermentation method and its anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that during the in vitro fermentation of AP-1, the pH value of the fermentation broth decreased obviously, while the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased significantly, especially acetic acid and butyric acid.

Characterization and Comparison Analysis of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins between Human and Porcine Milk.

This study aimed to explore the differences in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins between human milk (HM) and porcine milk (PM) using a label-free quantitative proteomic approach. A total of 3920 and 4001 MFGM proteins were identified between PM and HM, respectively. Among them, 3520 common MFGM proteins were detected, including 956 significant differentially expressed MFGM proteins (DEPs).

Label-free-based proteomic analysis reveals differential whey proteins of porcine milk during lactation.

In this study, label-free proteomic technology was applied to analyze and compare the whey proteomes of porcine colostrum and mature milk. In total, 2993 and 2906 whey proteins were detected in porcine colostrum and mature milk, respectively. A total of 2745 common proteins were identified in the two milk samples, and 280 proteins were found to be significantly differentially expressed whey proteins in porcine milk.

Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal the Regulation Mechanism of Linoleate Isomerase Activity and Function in .

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) holds significant application prospects due to its anticancer, anti-atherosclerosis, lipid-lowering, weight-loss, and growth-promoting functions. The key to its efficient production lies in optimizing the biocatalytic performance of linoleic acid isomerase (LAI). Here, we constructed a mutant library and screened positive mutants with high linoleate isomerase activity.

Research Progress for Probiotics Regulating Intestinal Flora to Improve Functional Dyspepsia: A Review.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood; however, alterations in the small intestinal microbiome have been observed. Current treatments for FD with drugs are limited, and there are certain safety problems.

Comparative Site-Specific -Glycosylation Analysis of the Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome in Donkey Colostrum and Mature Milk.

Donkey milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins are a class of membrane-bound secreted proteins with broad-spectrum biofunctional activities; however, their site-specific -glycosylation landscapes have not been systematically mapped. In this study, an in-depth MFGM -glycoproteome profile of donkey milk during lactation was constructed based on an intact glycopeptide-centered, label-free glycoproteomics pipeline, with 2137 site-specific -glycans from 1121 MFGM glycoproteins and 619 site-specific -glycans from 217 MFGM glycoproteins identified in donkey colostrum and donkey mature milk, respectively. As lactation progressed, the number of site-specific -glycans from three glycoproteins significantly increased, whereas that of 11 site-specific -glycans from five glycoproteins significantly decreased.

A Review of Plant-Based Drinks Addressing Nutrients, Flavor, and Processing Technologies.

Plant-based drinks have garnered significant attention as viable substitutes for traditional dairy milk, providing options for individuals who are lactose intolerant or allergic to dairy proteins, and those who adhere to vegan or vegetarian diets. In recent years, demand for plant-based drinks has expanded rapidly. Each variety has unique characteristics in terms of flavor, texture, and nutritional composition, offering consumers a diverse range of choices tailored to meet individual preferences and dietary needs.

Proteomics and Peptidomics As a Tool to Compare the Proteins and Endogenous Peptides in Human, Cow, and Donkey Milk.

Cow's milk is the most widely used ingredient in infant formulas. However, its specific protein composition can cause allergic reactions. Finding alternatives to replace cow's milk and fill the nutritional gap with human milk is essential for the health of infants.

Flavor Characterization of Traditional Fermented Soybean Pastes from Northeast China and Korea.

This study compares the physicochemical properties, taste, and volatile compounds of Northeastern Chinese dajiang (C) and Korean doenjang (K) and distinguishes the discriminant volatile metabolites between them. The result revealed that compared to group C, group K exhibited more similar physicochemical properties and had lower pH, moisture, and amino acid nitrogen content, while demonstrating higher titratable acidity, salt content, and reduced sugar content. The electronic tongue analysis showed that the saltiness and umami of soybean pastes had high response values, enabling clear differentiation of the overall taste between the two types of soybean pastes.

Identification and analysis of miRNAs expression profiles in human, bovine, and donkey milk exosomes.

The purpose of this study is to identify and characterize mirnas in mammalian exosomes. Using Illumina sequencing technology, we sequenced miRNAs in the exosomes of mammalian human milk, bovine milk, and donkey milk. 36 known mature miRNAs and 256 novel miRNAs were identified in human milk.

A Lab-on-a-Tube Biosensor Combining Recombinase-Aided Amplification and CRISPR-Cas12a with Rotated Magnetic Extraction for Detection.

Background: Foodborne pathogenic bacteria threaten worldwide public health, and simple bacterial detection methods are in urgent need. Here, we established a lab-on-a-tube biosensor for simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of foodborne bacteria.

Methods: A rotatable Halbach cylinder magnet and an iron wire netting with magnetic silica beads (MSBs) were used for simple and effective extraction and purification of DNA from the target bacteria, and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) was combined with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins12a(CRISPR-Cas12a) to amplify DNA and generate fluorescent signal.