Divergent MYB paralogs determine spatial distribution of linalool mediated by JA and DNA demethylation participating in aroma formation and cold tolerance of tea plants.

Linalool not only is one of characteristic flavour volatiles of tea, contributing to floral aroma, but also a kind of defensive compounds, playing essential roles in resistance against biotic/abiotic stresses. Although the linalool synthases have been identified, much is unknown about the regulation mechanism in tea plants. We identified two pairs of MYB paralogs as linalool biosynthesis activators, in which one pair (CsMYB148/CsMYB193) specifically expressed in flowers, and another (CsMYB68/CsMYB147) highly expressed in flowers, leaves, fruits and roots.

Undernutrition affects metabolism and immune response in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant ewes.

Pregnant ewes mobilize body fat to increase energy supply for fetal growth and development upon undernutrition, which disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of the body. However, the comprehensive metabolic changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue upon undernutrition are poorly understood. In this study, an undernutrition sheep model was established to investigate the effects of undernutrition on metabolic changes, immune response, and inflammation in subcutaneous fat through transcriptome, RT-qPCR, and metabolome analysis.

Dynamic change of tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf cuticular wax in white tea processing for contribution to tea flavor formation.

Despite some studies on tea leaf cuticular wax, their component changes during dehydration and withering treatments in tea processing and suspected relation with tea flavor quality formation remain unknown. Here, we showed that tea leaf cuticular wax changed drastically in tea leaf development, dehydration, or withering treatment during tea processing, which affected tea flavor formation. Caffeine was found as a major component of leaf cuticular wax.

Fungal laccase-triggered 17β-estradiol humification kinetics and mechanisms in the presence of humic precursors.

Naturally-occurring phenolic acids (PAs) act as humic precursors that participate in the conversion behaviors and coupling pathways of steroidal estrogens (SEs) during laccase-triggered humification processes (L-THPs). Herein, the influences and mechanisms of PAs on Trametes versicolor laccase-evoked 17β-estradiol (E2) conversion kinetics and humification routes were explored. Fungal laccase was fleet in converting > 99% of E2, and the calculated pseudo-first-order velocity constant and half-time values were respectively 0.

Phytochemical and comparative transcriptome analyses reveal different regulatory mechanisms in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways between Matricaria recutita L. and Chamaemelum nobile L.

Background: Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) and Chamaemelum nobile (Roman chamomile) belong to the botanical family Asteraceae. These two herbs are not only morphologically distinguishable, but their secondary metabolites - especially the essential oils present in flowers are also different, especially the terpenoids. The aim of this project was to preliminarily identify regulatory mechanisms in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathways that differ between German and Roman chamomile by performing comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.

Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insight into the Genes in Carotenoid Biosynthesis during the Mesocarp and Seed Developmental Stages of Avocado ().

Avocado ( Mill.) is an economically important crop because of its high nutritional value. However, the absence of a sequenced avocado reference genome has hindered investigations of secondary metabolism.

Enhanced degradation of sulfamethoxazole by Fe-Mn binary oxide synergetic mediated radical reactions.

In this study, a novel Fe-Mn binary oxide (FMBO), which combined the oxidation capability of iron and manganese oxides, was constructed to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX) effectively using the simultaneous co-precipitation and oxidation methods, and the reaction products were probed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Particularly, FMBO-mediated transformation mechanisms of SMX were explored using radical scavengers and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Results indicated that the best removal efficiency was obtained at a pH of 4.

Mercury methylation coupled to iron reduction by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria.

Iron reduction and mercury methylation by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB), Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis, were studied, and the relationship of mercury methylation coupled to iron reduction was determined. The ability of both bacteria for reducing iron was tested, and Fe(III) reduction occurred with the highest rate when ferric oxyhydroxide was used as a terminal electron acceptor. G.