Is Bevacizumab a Cost-Effective Regimen for Treating Cerebral Radiation Necrosis in the United States?

Background: Bevacizumab has been demonstrated to have superior efficacy in the treatment of cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN), but its high cost may exacerbate the disease burden. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab in comparison to corticosteroids for treating CRN from the US payers' perspective.

Methods: Decision tree models were constructed to simulate the process of bevacizumab and corticosteroids in CRN short-term and long-term therapy.

Teach a man to fish: Hyper-brain evidence on scaffolding strategy enhancing creativity acquisition and transfer.

Creativity is an indispensable competency in today's innovation-driven society. Yet, the influences of instructional strategy, a key determinant of educational outcomes, on the creativity-fostering process remains an unresolved mystery. We proposed that instructional strategy affects creativity cultivation and further investigated the intricate neural mechanisms underlying this relationship.

The cost-effectiveness of zolbetuximab in CLDN18.2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of zolbetuximab plus capecitabine/oxaliplatin (CAPOX) in CLDN18.2-positive, negative, mG/GEJ adenocarcinoma from the perspective of Chinese payers. A partitioned survival model was developed to assess the costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of zolbetuximab plus CAPOX versus placebo plus CAPOX.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of bevacizumab for cerebral radiation necrosis treatment based on real-world utility value in China.

Background: Bevacizumab shows superior efficacy in cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN) therapy, but its economic burden remains heavy due to the high drug price. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab for CRN treatment from the Chinese payers' perspective.

Methods: A decision tree model was developed to compare the costs and health outcomes of bevacizumab and corticosteroids for CRN therapy.

Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in the patients with advanced previously treated endometrial cancer: A cost-effectiveness analysis in the United States and in China.

Purpose: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (LP) compared to chemotherapy as a second-line treatment for advanced endometrial cancer (EC) from the United States and Chinese payers' perspective.

Methods: In this economic evaluation, a partitioned survival model was constructed from the perspective of the United States and Chinese payers. The survival data were derived from the clinical trial (309-KEYNOTE-775), while costs and utility values were sourced from databases and published literature.

The impact of patients' hostile attribution bias on aggression in doctor-patient interactions.

Background: Doctor-patient conflict is trending in social attention research. However, the existing literature rarely explores whether a patient's hostile attribution bias (HAB) in the doctor-patient interaction affects the aggression level against doctors.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship and mechanism between different types of HAB and aggression in patients.

Long-term trend of future Cancer onset: A model-based prediction of Cancer incidence and onset age by region and gender.

Objectives: This study provided estimates of cancer incidence rate and onset age by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions and gender from 2020 to 2040, aiming to clarify the long-term patterns of future cancer onset.

Method: Based on the incidence data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 study, we constructed the Bayesian age-period-cohort model to calculate the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of cancers from 2020 to 2040. Using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to quantify the trends of ASIR and the onset age.

Dietary consumption trend and its correlation with global cancer burden: A quantitative and comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2019.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of dietary consumption on cancer burden and formulate an effective solution.

Methods: Dietary consumption, number of cancer deaths, disability-adjusted life years, and corresponding age-standardized rates were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The annual percentage change was used to quantify the temporal trends in cancer burden and dietary consumption.

Precise Differentiation of Wobble-Type Allele via Ratiometric Design of a Ligase Chain Reaction-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Genotyping of Clinical Samples.

Due to the comparable stability between the perfect-base pair and the wobble-base pair, a precise differentiation of the wobble-type allele has remained a challenge, often leading to false results. Herein, we proposed a ligase chain reaction (LCR)-based ratiometric electrochemical DNA sensor, namely, R-eLCR, for a precise typing of the wobble-type allele, in which the traditionally recognized "negative" signal of wobble-base pair-mediated amplification was fully utilized as a "positive" one and a ratiometric readout mode was employed to ameliorated the underlying potential external influence and improved its detection accuracy in the typing of the wobble-type allele. The results showed that the ratio between current of methylene blue () and current of ferrocene () was partitioned in three regions and three types of wobble-type allele were thus precisely differentiated (AA homozygote: / > 2; GG homozygote: / < 1; GA heterozygote: 1 < / < 2); the proposed R-eLCR successfully discriminated the three types of allele in nine cases of human whole blood samples, which was consistent with those of the sequencing method.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of an orphan drug tebentafusp in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma and a call for value-based pricing.

The normative regimens recommendations for treating metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) are absent in the US. Recently, a phase III randomized clinical trial revealed that tebentafusp yielded a conspicuously longer overall survival than the control group. Based on the prominent efficacy, this study aimed to assess whether tebentafusp is cost-effective compared to the control group in patients with untreated mUM.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of ovarian function preservation with GnRH agonist during chemotherapy in premenopausal women with early breast cancer.

Study Question: Is it economically worthwhile to use GnRH agonist (GnRHa) to prevent menopausal symptoms (MS) and protect fertility in premenopausal women with breast cancer (BC) during chemotherapy from the US perspective?

Summary Answer: It is cost-effective to administer GnRHa during chemotherapy in order to forefend MS in premenopausal patients with BC when the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold is $50 000.00 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and to preserve fertility in young patients with BC who undergo oocyte cryopreservation (OC), or no OC, when the WTP thresholds per live birth are $71 333.33 and $61 920.

Disease burden of prostate cancer from 2014 to 2019 in the United States: estimation from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease burden of prostate cancer (PC) and assess key influencing factors associated with the disease expenditures of PC in the United States.

Methods: The total deaths, incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years of PC were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was used to estimate healthcare expenditures and productivity loss and to investigate patterns of payment and use of healthcare resources in the United States.

Prophylaxis for pneumonia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing R-CHOP21 in China: a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objective: Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, once every 3 weeks (R-CHOP21) is commonly used in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but accompanied by pneumonia (PCP) as a fatal treatment complication. This study aims to estimate the specific effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PCP prophylaxis in NHL undergoing R-CHOP21.

Design: A two-part decision analytical model was developed.

Nucleic Acid Amplification by Template-Dominated Click Chemistry for Ultrasensitive DNA/RNA Detection on an Electrochemical Readout Platform.

As an enzyme-free exponential nucleic acid amplification method, the click chemistry-mediated ligation chain reaction (ccLCR) has shown great prospects in the molecular diagnosis. However, the current optics-based ccLCR is challenged by remarkable nonspecific amplification, severely hindering its future application. This study demonstrated that the severe nonspecific amplification was generated probably due to high random collision in the high DNA probe concentration (μM level).

The correlation between the costs and clinical benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in malignant tumors: An evaluation based on ASCO and ESMO frameworks.

Life expectancy for patients with malignant tumors has been significantly improved since the presence of the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors in 2014, but they impose heavy financial burdens for patients, the healthcare system and the nations. The objective of this study was to determine the survival benefits, toxicities, and monetary of programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death protein ligand-1 inhibitors and quantify their values. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for malignant tumors were identified and clinical benefits were quantified by American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework (ASCO-VF) and European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS).

A simple system for measuring the transmittance curve of x-ray filters at low x-ray energies.

To prevent the x-ray detectors from the interference of optical photons, x-ray filters are widely used in x-ray space missions. As the flux of low energy x-rays would be significantly attenuated by the filters, it is important to derive the transmittance of the filters below 10 keV. In this paper, we present a simple experimental apparatus and data processing method to measure the transmittance curve of x-ray filters in the energy range from 1.

Multimodal Ochratoxin A-Aptasensor Using 3'-FAM-Enhanced Exonuclease I Tool and Magnetic Microbead Carrier.

Thanks to its preparatory ease, close affinity, and low cost, the aptasensor can serve as a promising substitute for antibody-dependent biosensors. However, the available aptasensors are mostly subject to a single-mode readout and the interference of unbound aptamers in solution and non-target-induced transition events. Herein, we proposed a multimodal aptasensor for multimode detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) with cross-validation using the 3'-6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-enhanced exonuclease I (Exo I) tool and magnetic microbead carrier.

The Predictive Value of PD-L1 Expression Level in Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Atezolizumab/Pembrolizumab.

Objective: Recently, the significant improvement of atezolizumab and pembrolizumab over chemotherapy for treatment-naïve stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated, but the cost-effectiveness of these regimens remains unknown.

Methods: A Markov model was adapted from the US healthcare perspective to assess the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, and chemotherapy in treatment-naïve NSCLC. Pseudo-individual patient data were generated from digitized Kaplan-Meier curves.

Evaluation of osimertinib for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastases: a cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis.

Background Few regimens for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) patients exist up to date, most with low efficacy. A retrospective analysis showed that osimertinib significantly improved the overall survival of LM patients by 11.5 months (17.

Is olaparib cost effective in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with at least one favorable gene mutation in , or ?

To compare the cost-effectiveness of olaparib versus control treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with at least one gene mutation in , or from the US payer perspective. A Markov model was constructed to assess the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses were conducted to explore the impact of uncertainties.

First-Line Durvalumab in Addition to Etoposide and Platinum for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A U.S.-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Background: The latest published CASPIAN trial demonstrated that adding durvalumab to etoposide and platinum (EP) improved survival dramatically for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Considering the high cost of durvalumab, this study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab plus EP (DEP) in the first-line setting for treatment-naïve patients with ES-SCLC from the U.S.

Evaluation of Tucatinib in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: A United States-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of tucatinib in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) patients with brain metastases (BMs) and the subgroup of active BMs from the United States (US) payer perspective.

Materials And Methods: A 3-state Markov model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of 2 regimens in HER2-positive BC patients with BMs: (1) tucatinib, trastuzumab, and capecitabine (TTC); (2) placebo, trastuzumab, and capecitabine (PTC). And subgroup analysis of active BMs was also performed.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hepatic Arterial Infusion of FOLFOX Combined Sorafenib for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Invasion.

Background: Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil (FOLFOX) plus sorafenib has a more desirable effect versus sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein invasion. However, considering the high cost of hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy (HAIC), this study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of HAIC plus sorafenib (SoraHAIC) versus standard care for HCC patients from the Chinese health system perspective.

Methods: A Markov multi-state model was constructed to simulate the disease course and source consumption of SoraHAIC.