Comparative Analysis of Six Complete Plastomes of spp.

The , comprising 34 species, is a genus of Gentianaceae. Members of are mostly perennial, entwined herbs with high medicinal value and rich in iridoids, xanthones, flavonoids, and triterpenes. However, our inadequate understanding of the differences in the plastid genome sequences of species has severely hindered the study of their evolution and phylogeny.

The ecological adaptation of the unparalleled plastome character evolution in slipper orchids.

Plastomes may have undergone adaptive evolution in the process of plant adaptation to diverse environments, whereby species may differ in plastome characters. Cypripedioideae successfully colonized distinct environments and could be an ideal group for studying the interspecific variation and adaptive evolution of plastomes. Comparative study of plastomes, ancestral state reconstruction, phylogenetic-based analysis, ecological niche modelling, and selective pressure analysis were conducted to reveal the evolutionary patterns of plastomes in Cypripedioideae and their relationship with environmental factors.

Genomes of leafy and leafless Platanthera orchids illuminate the evolution of mycoheterotrophy.

To improve our understanding of the origin and evolution of mycoheterotrophic plants, we here present the chromosome-scale genome assemblies of two sibling orchid species: partially mycoheterotrophic Platanthera zijinensis and holomycoheterotrophic Platanthera guangdongensis. Comparative analysis shows that mycoheterotrophy is associated with increased substitution rates and gene loss, and the deletion of most photoreceptor genes and auxin transporter genes might be linked to the unique phenotypes of fully mycoheterotrophic orchids. Conversely, trehalase genes that catalyse the conversion of trehalose into glucose have expanded in most sequenced orchids, in line with the fact that the germination of orchid non-endosperm seeds needs carbohydrates from fungi during the protocorm stage.

Comparative analysis of plastomes in Oxalidaceae: Phylogenetic relationships and potential molecular markers.

The wood sorrel family, Oxalidaceae, is mainly composed of annual or perennial herbs, a few shrubs, and trees distributed from temperate to tropical zones. Members of Oxalidaceae are of high medicinal, ornamental, and economic value. Despite the rich diversity and value of Oxalidaceae, few molecular markers or plastomes are available for phylogenetic analysis of the family.

Plastid phylogenomics improves resolution of phylogenetic relationship in the Cheirostylis and Goodyera clades of Goodyerinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae).

Goodyerinae are one of phylogenetically unresolved groups of Orchidaceae. The lack of resolution achieved through the analyses of previous molecular sequences from one or a few markers has long confounded phylogenetic estimation and generic delimitation. Here, we present large-scale phylogenomic data to compare the plastome structure of the two main clades (Goodyera and Cheirostylis) in this subtribe and further adopt two strategies, combining plastid coding sequences and the whole plastome, to investigate phylogenetic relationships.

The complete plastid genome of (Orchidaceae, Vandeae).

The complete plastid genome of was determined and analyzed in this work. The plastome was 147,715 bp in length with 84,094 bp of the large single-copy (LSC) region, 12,073 bp of the small single-copy (SSC) region and 25,774 bp of the inverted repeat (IRs) regions. The genome contained 120 genes, 74 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes.

The complete plastid genome of (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae).

The complete plastid genome of was determined and analyzed in this work. The plastome was 149,689 bp in length with 86,778 bp of the large single-copy (LSC) region, 12,129 bp of the small single-copy (SSC) region and 25,391 bp of the inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome contained 120 genes, 74 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes.

Complete plastid genome of (Orchidaceae, Goodyerinae).

The first complete plastid genome of , , was assembled and analyzed in this study. The total genome was 147,218 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy region (LSC) of 81,081 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 14,769 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB) of 25,684 bp. The genome contained 131 genes, including 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 85 protein-coding genes.

The complete plastid genome of (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae).

The complete plastid genome of was determined and analyzed in this work. The plastome was 146,681 bp in length with 83,920 bp of the large single-copy (LSC) region, 11,751 bp of the small single-copy (SSC) region and 25,505 bp of the inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome contained 120 genes, 74 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes.

Plastid phylogenomic data yield new and robust insights into the phylogeny of Cleisostoma-Gastrochilus clades (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae).

The Cleisostoma-Gastrochilus clades are among the most speciose and diverse groups of Asian orchids and are a taxonomically problematic group. Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of these clades have remained unresolved with traditional sequences from one or a few markers. We present large-scale phylogenomic data sets, incorporating complete chloroplast genome sequences from 53 species (including 41 species sequenced in this study), to compare plastome structure and to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of these clades.

Complete plastid genome of (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae).

is one of the five most horticulturally important genera in Orchidaceae. In this study, we assembled the complete plastid genome of an important cultivated species, The plastome was 149,474 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 85,678 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 12,002 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IR) of 25,897 bp. A total of 127 genes were predicted, including 38 tRNA, 8 rRNA, and 74 protein-coding genes.

A perspective on crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis evolution of orchids on different continents: Dendrobium as a case study.

Members of the Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of flowering plants, evolved the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis strategy. It is thought that CAM triggers adaptive radiation into new niche spaces, yet very little is known about its origin and diversification on different continents. Here, we assess the prevalence of CAM in Dendrobium, which is one of the largest genera of flowering plants and found in a wide range of environments, from the high altitudes of the Himalayas to relatively arid habitats in Australia.

The complete plastid genome of (Theaceae).

is a native oil tree species in the south of China and is also a unique natural Chinese woody edible oil species. In the study, the complete plastid genome was assembled and annotated, the genome full-length is 156,615 bp, contains a large single-copy (LSC) region with 86,273 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region with 18,410 bp, two invert repeats (IR) regions with 25,966 bp. The plastid genome contains 135 genes, 90 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes.

Complete chloroplast genome of ().

is a popular terrestrial orchid in Southeast Asia. It has high medicinal and ornamental value. In this study, the chloroplast genome of was determined from BGISEQ-500 sequencing data.