Multisource Differential Fusion Driven Monocular Endoscope Hybrid 3-D Tracking for Advanced Endoscopic Navigation Surgery.

Surgical navigation systems involve various technologies of segmentation, calibration, registration, tracking, and visualization. These systems aim to superimpose multisource information in the surgical field and provide surgeons with a composite overlay (augmented-reality) view, improving the operative precision and experience. Surgical 3-D tracking is the key to build these systems.

Competitive Swarm Optimized SVD Clutter Filtering for Ultrafast Power Doppler Imaging.

Ultrafast power Doppler imaging (uPDI) can significantly increase the sensitivity of resolving small vascular paths in ultrasound. While clutter filtering is a fundamental and essential method to realize uPDI, it commonly uses singular value decomposition (SVD) to suppress clutter signals and noise. However, current SVD-based clutter filters using two cutoffs cannot ensure sufficient separation of tissue, blood, and noise in uPDI.

Monocular endoscope 6-DoF tracking with constrained evolutionary stochastic filtering.

Monocular endoscopic 6-DoF camera tracking plays a vital role in surgical navigation that involves multimodal images to build augmented or virtual reality surgery. Such a 6-DoF camera tracking generally can be formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem. To resolve this nonlinear problem, this work proposes a new pipeline of constrained evolutionary stochastic filtering that originally introduces spatial constraints and evolutionary stochastic diffusion to deal with particle degeneracy and impoverishment in current stochastic filtering methods.

Doppler and Pair-Wise Optical Flow Constrained 3D Motion Compensation for 3D Ultrasound Imaging.

Volumetric (3D) ultrasound imaging using a 2D matrix array probe is increasingly developed for various clinical procedures. However, 3D ultrasound imaging suffers from motion artifacts due to tissue motions and a relatively low frame rate. Current Doppler-based motion compensation (MoCo) methods only allow 1D compensation in the in-range dimension.

Deep learning driven colorectal lesion detection in gastrointestinal endoscopic and pathological imaging.

Colorectal cancer has the second highest incidence of malignant tumors and is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in China. Early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer will lead to an improvement in the 5-year survival rate, which will reduce medical costs. The current diagnostic methods for early colorectal cancer include excreta, blood, endoscopy, and computer-aided endoscopy.

DDA-Net: Unsupervised cross-modality medical image segmentation via dual domain adaptation.

Background And Objective: Deep convolutional networks are powerful tools for single-modality medical image segmentation, whereas generally require semantic labelling or annotation that is laborious and time-consuming. However, domain shift among various modalities critically deteriorates the performance of deep convolutional networks if only trained by single-modality labelling data.

Methods: In this paper, we propose an end-to-end unsupervised cross-modality segmentation network, DDA-Net, for accurate medical image segmentation without semantic annotation or labelling on the target domain.

Reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures among adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the merits and drawbacks between reamed intramedullary nailing (RIN) and unreamed intramedullary nailing (URIN) among adults.

Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, MEDLINE database through the PubMed search engine, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Embase, VIPI (Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals), and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from inception to March 2020. Outcomes of interest included nonunion rates, implant failure rates, secondary procedure rates, blood loss, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rates, and pulmonary complications rates.

A deep learning model for detection and tracking in high-throughput images of organoid.

Organoid, an in vitro 3D culture, has extremely high similarity with its source organ or tissue, which creates a model in vitro that simulates the in vivo environment. Organoids have been extensively studied in cell biology, precision medicine, drug toxicity, efficacy tests, etc., which have been proven to have high research value.

ApodNet: Learning for High Frame Rate Synthetic Transmit Aperture Ultrasound Imaging.

Two-way dynamic focusing in synthetic transmit aperture (STA) beamforming can benefit high-quality ultrasound imaging with higher lateral spatial resolution and contrast resolution. However, STA requires the complete dataset for beamforming in a relatively low frame rate and transmit power. This paper proposes a deep-learning architecture to achieve high frame rate STA imaging with two-way dynamic focusing.

Comparison of treatment results between surgical and conservative treatment of distal radius fractures in adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: This meta-analysis study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of surgical and conservative treatments for distal radius fractures (DRFs) in adults.

Methods: Reports of randomized controlled trials were retrieved from the Web of Science, Pubmed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Medline, Ovid, and BIOSIS for studies that met the eligibility criteria. The search was limited to human subjects and had no language limits.

Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cryptococcal antigen-lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-HIV patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of cryptococcal antigen-lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (CrAg-LFA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC).

Methods: A total of 308 patients were divided into the PC group (n = 72) and the non-PC group (n = 236). The clinical data, pathogen detection, radiological imaging, and the detection of the cryptococcal antigen in blood and BALF samples were analyzed.

D-Dimer Combined with Fibrinogen Predicts the Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Fracture Patients.

Objective: While D-dimer can successfully diagnose venous thrombosis due to its excellent negative predictive value (NPV), it cannot be used to detect venous thromboembolism (VTE) because of its low positive predictive value (PPV). This study aims to investigate if a combination of using D-dimer and fibrinogen can improve PPV in the VTE diagnosis.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed various data including D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, ultrasound, and others collected from 10775 traumatic fracture patients and categorized them into two groups of VTE and non-VTE.

Optic disc and optic cup segmentation based on anatomy guided cascade network.

Background And Objective: Glaucoma, a worldwide eye disease, may cause irreversible vision damage. If not treated properly at an early stage, glaucoma eventually deteriorates into blindness. Various glaucoma screening methods, e.

Automatic and Accurate Epilepsy Ripple and Fast Ripple Detection via Virtual Sample Generation and Attention Neural Networks.

About 1% of the population around the world suffers from epilepsy. The success of epilepsy surgery depends critically on pre-operative localization of epileptogenic zones. High frequency oscillations including ripples (80-250 Hz) and fast ripples (250-500 Hz) are commonly used as biomarkers to localize epileptogenic zones.

Differential expression of microRNAs in xenografted Lewis lung carcinomas subjected to intermittent hypoxia: a next-generation sequence analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cancer mortality, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are confirmed to be involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, whether miRNAs have any differential expressions in OSA population needs to be elucidated.

Correction to: Telmisartan attenuates kidney apoptosis and autophagy-related protein expression levels in an intermittent hypoxia mouse model.

In the article that appeared on Page: 341-348, Vol 23 (15 September 2018) of the Sleep and breathing [1], one error was discovered in Figure 3. The picture of Normoxia and CIH in 100X is the same one. The corrected version of Figure 3 is presented here.

Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Attenuates Tumor Oxidative Stress and Promotes Apoptosis in an Intermittent Hypoxia Mouse Model.

Objective: Intermittent hypoxia, a significant feature of obstructive sleep apnea, has pro-tumorigenic effects. Here, we investigated the effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate on oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma with intermittent hypoxia.

Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to normoxia (control), normoxia plus sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (control + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate), intermittent hypoxia, and intermittent hypoxia + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate groups.

Endoscopic video defogging using luminance blending.

Endoscopic video sequences provide surgeons with direct surgical field or visualisation on anatomical targets in the patient during robotic surgery. Unfortunately, these video images are unavoidably hazy or foggy to prevent surgeons from clear surgical vision due to typical surgical operations such as ablation and cauterisation during surgery. This Letter aims at removing fog or smoke on endoscopic video sequences to enhance and maintain a direct and clear visualisation of the operating field during robotic surgery.

Endoscopic Vision Augmentation Using Multiscale Bilateral-Weighted Retinex for Robotic Surgery.

Endoscopic vision plays a significant role in minimally invasive surgical procedures. The visibility and maintenance of such direct in situ vision is paramount not only for safety by preventing inadvertent injury but also to improve precision and reduce operating time. Unfortunately, the endoscopic vision is unavoidably degraded due to the illumination variations during surgery.

Surgical Navigation in Orthopedics: Workflow and System Review.

Orthopedic surgery is a widely performed clinical procedure that deals with problems in relation to the bones, joints, and ligaments of the human body, such as musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders. Surgical navigation is generally recognized as the next generation technology of orthopedic surgery. The development of orthopedic navigation systems aims to analyze pre-, intra- and/or postoperative data in multiple modalities and provide an augmented reality 3-D visualization environment to improve clinical outcomes of surgical orthopedic procedures.

Telmisartan attenuates kidney apoptosis and autophagy-related protein expression levels in an intermittent hypoxia mouse model.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with renal impairs. As a novel pathophysiological hallmark of OSA, chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) enhances apoptosis and autophagy. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of telmisartan on CIH-induced kidney apoptosis and autophagy in a mouse model of OSA.

Advanced Endoscopic Navigation: Surgical Big Data, Methodology, and Applications.

Interventional endoscopy (e.g., bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, laparoscopy, cystoscopy) is a widely performed procedure that involves either diagnosis of suspicious lesions or guidance for minimally invasive surgery in a variety of organs within the body cavity.

Three-Dimensional Intravascular Reconstruction Techniques Based on Intravascular Ultrasound: A Technical Review.

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging provides two-dimensional (2-D) real-time luminal and transmural cross-sectional images of intravascular vessels with detailed pathological information. It has offered significant advantages in terms of diagnosis and guidance and has been increasingly introduced from coronary interventions into more generalized endovascular surgery. However, IVUS itself does not provide spatial pose information for its generated images, making it difficult to construct a 3-D intravascular visualization.

Vision-Based Surgical Field Defogging.

Fogged surgical field visualization that is a common and potentially harmful problem can lead to inappropriate device use and incorrectly targeted tissue and increase surgical risks in endoscopic surgery. This paper aims to remove fog or smoke on endoscopic video sequences to augment and maintain a direct and clear visualization of the operating field. A new visibility-driven fusion defogging framework is proposed for surgical endoscopic video processing.

Shape Sensing Techniques for Continuum Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Survey.

Continuum robots provide inherent structural compliance with high dexterity to access the surgical target sites along tortuous anatomical paths under constrained environments and enable to perform complex and delicate operations through small incisions in minimally invasive surgery. These advantages enable their broad applications with minimal trauma and make challenging clinical procedures possible with miniaturized instrumentation and high curvilinear access capabilities. However, their inherent deformable designs make it difficult to realize 3-D intraoperative real-time shape sensing to accurately model their shape.