Extensive cranioplasty for sagittal synostosis in young children by preserving cranial bone flaps adhered to the dura mater.

This study aimed to evaluate extensive cranioplasty involving the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal bones without removing the floating bone flaps in the treatment of sagittal synostosis. Sixty-three children with sagittal synostosis, aged 5 months to 3 years, were included in the study. The frontal bone flap was removed using an air drill.

[Application of tunable guide device in prominent mandibular angle osteotomy].

Objective: To discuss the application and therapeutic effect of tunable guide device in correction of prominent mandibular angle.

Methods: Since 2007, 50 cases with prominent mandible angle underwent mandible angle osteotomy with the tunable guide device. The patients were followed up for 3-6 months.

[Transcranial surgical correction of cranio-orbital fibrous dysplasia with lateral orbital approach].

Objective: To explore the transcranial surgical method with lateral orbital approach for the treatment of cranio-orbital fibrous dysplasia.

Methods: Lateral orbital transcranial extradural approach was adopted to correct complicated fibrous dysplasia in which the frontal, orbital, sphenoid, temporal bones were involved. Partial lesion removal and optic nerve decompression were performed through the transcranial extradural route by fronto-temporal cranial bone flap exposure.

[3-dimensional position changes of periorbital structures after midface distraction osteogenesis].

Objective: To evaluate the 3-D position changes of periorbital structures after midface distraction osteogenesis in patients with Crouzon syndrome.

Methods: The CT data of 8 cases who had accepted the midface distraction osteogenesis following Le Fort III osteotomy were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were averagely 11.

[Reconstruction of the acquired orbital deformities].

Objective: To investigate the reconstruction of acquired orbital deformities.

Methods: Through coronal incisions, subciliary incisions and buccal sulcus incisions, or periorbital wound, the displaced orbital walls were repositioned after osteotomy. And the mandibular outer cortex was used to repair the bone defect, so as to restore the orital integrity.

[Research and clinical application of computer-aided design of craniofacial prosthesis using mirror technique].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of creating a 3D-CAD model of craniofacial prostheses through mirror technique to repair the unilateral craniofacial defects and restore craniofacial symmetry.

Methods: Patients with unilateral craniofacial defects underwent spiral CT scanning. CAD3-D image was reconstructed ad 3-D CAD model of craniofacial prosthesis was created with mirror technique, Boolean operation and rapid prototyping technique.

[Experience of midfacial distraction osteogenesis in upper airway stenosis].

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of upper airway stenosis after Le Fort III osteotomy and midfacial distraction osteogenesis (DO).

Methods: Eleven cases (age, 5-16 yrs) with severe midface dysostosis complicated with exophthalmos, anterior crossbite and upper airway stenosis were treated by using Le Fort III osteotomy and midfacial DO from August 2000 to February 2007. The 3D reconstruction of the upper-airway from CT data was used to evaluate the upper airway volume before and after the operation.

[Changes of different section area at different parts of upper-airway after Le Fort III osteotomy].

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of Le Fort III osteotomy and midface distraction osteogenesis (DO) on the upper-airway narrow.

Methods: Since 2000, 11 cases (10 cases of Crouzon syndrome and 1 case of Apert syndrome) with severe midface deficiency were treated with Le Fort III osteotomy and midface DO. The section area of different parts of upper-airway were tested by computer assistants image measurement preoperatively and postoperatively.

[Establishment of diagnostic criteria for cranio-orbito-zygomatic hypoplasia with computer-assisted measurement].

Objective: To establish the quantitative diagnostic criteria for cranio-orbito-zygomatic deformity (COZD).

Methods: Computer-assisted three-dimensional (3-D) CT measurement was performed in 30 cases with unilateral COZD. The differences of the measurement data between the affected and unaffected sides were analyzed.

[Construction and functional identification of eukaryotic expression vector carrying Sprague-Dawley rat MSX-2 gene].

Objective: To construct a high effective eukaryotic expressing plasmid PcDNA 3.1-MSX-2 encoding Sprague-Dawley rat MSX-2 gene for the further study of MSX-2 gene function.

Methods: The full length SD rat MSX-2 gene was amplified by PCR, and the full length DNA was inserted in the PMD1 8-T vector.

[Reconstruction of orbital deformity after radiotherapy with transcranial orbitotomy advancement combining free flap].

Objective: To study clinic therapeutic effect about reconstruction of severe orbital and cul-de-sac deformity after the radiotherapy with transcranial orbitotomy advancement combining cascade free flap both dorsum pedis flap and anterior tibial fascial flap.

Methods: Five cases was subjected to orbital and cut-de-sac severe deformities after both operation and radiotherapy because of retinoblastoma. The technique included transcranial orbital advancement by anterior orbital osteotomy and rigid fixed with titanic plate by coronal incision, and meanwhile incising the cul-de-sac which would be extended circumference around the central incision separation, and then designing extent of cascade flap consisted of dorsum pedis flap and anterior tibial fascial flap according to the size of cul-de-sac defect and extent of temporal depression.

[Surgical correction of craniofacial dysostosis with midface distraction osteogenesis].

Objective: To investigate the effect of distraction osteogenesis on correction of craniofacial dysostosis.

Methods: Le Fort III osteotomy was applied through coronal route on patients with craniofacial dysostosis such as Crouzon and Apert syndrome. The procedures included disconnecting the skeletal midface from base of cranium, setting up a RED II distraction device, and directing the device bars.

[Surgical correction of craniofacial dysostosis with midface distraction osteotogenesis].

Objective: Correction of craniofacial dysostosis with midface distraction osteotogenesis.

Methods: Le Fort III osteotomy has been employed through coronal route on patients with midface craniofacial dysostosis such as Crouzon and Apert syndrome. Then a REDII distraction device was set up, and the device bars directed.

[Surgical treatment of hemifacial microsomia].

Objective: To summarize the methods and experiences in surgical treatment of hemifacial microsomia.

Methods: Fifty-eight cases of hemifacial microsomia that have been treated by plastic and reconstructive surgery and followed-up in our department during last 20 years have been reviewed. Every patient's characteristic was assessed by physical examination, photography, craniofacial cephalometry before planned the method of surgery.

[Lamella osteotomy with separated segments movement in secondary orbito-zygoma deformities after traumatic malar fracture].

Objective: For reconstruction of secondary orbit-zygomatic deformities after severe malar fracture.

Methods: We made shaped segments in orbito-zygoma region using lamella osteotomy, rearranged inferior and lateral orbital segment with inner and upper movement, and fixed the zygomatic fragment in new place with lateral and upward movement. Pre and post operative measurements including Hetel measurement and the angle between orbital horizontal level with bilateral tragus linkage(A-OT) have been done.

[Individual 3-D image prototyping models for orbital reconstruction].

Objective: To fabricate a rapid prototyping (RP) 3-D image models for individual reconstruction of orbital bony loss.

Methods: The skull was placed on a helical CT scanner table and the Frankfort plane was perpendicular to the table. The CT data was obtained by a Aquilion (TOSHIBA, Japan) with 1 mm thickness section in spiral mode.

Diagnosis and classification of congenital craniofacial cleft deformities.

Classification and diagnosis of congenital craniofacial cleft deformities are helpful in discerning the severity of the deformity and providing guidance for surgical repair. Eighty-one cases of congenital craniofacial cleft deformity were analyzed using the Tessier classification. Depending on the location, status of the deformity, and results of examinations such as computed tomography, according to the range affected, the location and status of the deformity were designated by the STO classification, with S for skin, T for soft tissue, and O for os (craniofacial bone).

[The diagnoses and classifying of congenital craniofacial cleft].

Objective: To diagnose and classify the congenital craniofacial cleft with a uniform scale is helpful to evaluate the abnormality and select the repairing methods.

Methods: We analyzed 81 cases of congenital craniofacial cleft basically using Tessier craniofacial cleft classification. Furthermore, according to the position of soft tissue or bone, the character and degree of clefts or dysplasia and the results of CT scanning, we subdivided the congenital deformities based on S (skin), T (tissue), and O (OS).

[Correction of hypoplastic orbit after eradiation therapy with the technique of ostectomy and flap transplantation].

Objective: To introduce an effective method for reconstruction of hypoplastic orbit caused by eradiation therapy.

Methods: The orbital reestablishment was carried out by using the orbital ostectomy to enlarge the orbital cavity and a flap transferring for the socket reconstruction and the repair of the concave deformity around the orbit.

Results: Twelve treated patients demonstrated the satisfactory improvement.

[Malar reconstruction in the patients with Treacher-Collin's syndrome].

Objective: The key feature of Treacher-Collin's syndrome is malar dysostosis. The article focused on malar reconstruction for Treacher-Collin's syndrome and compared the implant materials.

Methods: From 1994 to 2002, a total of 55 patients with Treacher-Collin's syndrome were treated with malar reconstruction.

[Surgical correction of exophthalmos in craniofacial synostosis].

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and complications of the surgical correction of exophthalmos in craniofacial synostosis.

Methods: Three different procedures were used in exophthalmos patients with different ages. In patients aged 1 - 3 years old, the fronto-orbital advancing osteotomy to deepen the upper part of orbital cavity was employed.

[Surgical correction of orbital and periorbital deformities using lamella and complex osteotomies].

Objective: To investigate surgical correction of orbital and periorbital deformities in orbital and periorbital region.

Methods: In order to reconstruct orbital deformities such as orbital hypertelorism, orbital dystopia, radiated orbit, and secondary deformities of traumatic orbit, lamella osteotomies of either orbital rim and wall or complex osteotomies of both adjacent orbital rims and walls using bicoronal or galea aponeurotica incision were employed. The reconstructed complex was placed in new position with rigid fixation.

[Analysis of the Millard method for unilateral cleft lip repair].

Objective: To analyze and describe the advantages and disadvantages of the Millard repair in the unilateral cleft lip (UCL).

Methods: In 30 patients with UCL undergoing the cleft lip repair with the Millard I or II method, the vermilion was repaired by a modified method with a triangle flap, while the alar cartilage reposition was performed.

Results: Postoperative follow-up of 6-12 months revealed the good results with invisible scar, good preservation of philtrum dimple and column, full vermilion and lengthened columella, good alar cartilage reposition.

[The effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on the fusion of cranial suture].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 for the bone induction and the regulation for the fusion of the sagittal cranial sutures.

Methods: The cells, derived from cranial sutures in the newborn SD rats and the sagittal suture from the mice, were cultured with a serum-free medium and treated with and without insulin-like growth factor 1. The osteoblast phetotypes (osteocalcin, alkaline, osteoponcin and type-1 collagen) were measured with the RT-PCR and ELISA, and the explanted sagittal sutures were then evaluated under light microscopy.