[A study on the mutation of P53 and K-ras gene in colorectal adenomas and colorectal carcinomas].

Objective: To investigate the incidence of P53 and K-ras gene mutation in colorectal adenomas and primary colorectal carcinomas.

Methods: There were 25 normal samples, 38 samples of colorectal adenoma, 78 samples of single primary colorectal cancer and 19 samples of multiple primary colorectal carcinomas (7 synchronous colorectal carcinomas and 12 metachronous colorectal carcinomas) collected in this study. With the analysis of clinico-pathologic features for each patient, exon 5-8 of P53 gene and codon 12-13 of K-ras gene of each sample were extended by real-time PCR.

Current status of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision.

Background: Rectal cancer is a common malignancy with considerable mortality. This review outlines the current status of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision as a treatment option for rectal cancer and emphasizes the need for standardized approaches.

Methods: We searched PubMed for the terms "total mesorectal excision," "rectal cancer," and "laparoscopic surgery" used in the literature between 1993 and 2010.

In situ synthesis of mixed-valent manganese oxide nanocrystals: an in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study.

Phase transformations of materials can be studied by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. However, most reported in situ synchrotron XRD studies focus on solid state/gel systems by measuring phase/structure changes during application of pressure or heat. Phase transformations during material synthesis and their applications, especially in wet chemistry processes with different media, have not drawn much attention.

A magnetic route to measure the average oxidation state of mixed-valent manganese in manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS).

A magnetic route has been applied for measurement of the average oxidation state (AOS) of mixed-valent manganese in manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS). The method gives AOS measurement results in good agreement with titration methods. A maximum analysis deviation error of +/-7% is obtained from 10 sample measurements.