Selective utilization of medicinal polysaccharides by human gut Bacteroides and Parabacteroides species.

Human gut Bacteroides and Parabacteroides species play crucial roles in human health and are known for their capacity to utilize diverse polysaccharides. Understanding how these bacteria utilize medicinal polysaccharides is foundational for developing polysaccharides-based prebiotics and drugs. Here, we systematically mapped the utilization profiles of 20 different medicinal polysaccharides by 28 human gut Bacteroides and Parabacteroides species.

Genomic and Gut Microbiome Evaluations of Growth and Feed Efficiency Traits in Broilers.

In this study, we combined genomic and gut microbiome data to evaluate 13 economically important growth and feed efficiency traits in 407 Dahen broilers, including body weight (BW) at four, six, nine, and ten weeks of age (BW4, BW6, BW9, and BW10), as well as the average daily gain (ADG6, ADG9, and ADG10), feed conversion ratio (FCR6, FCR9, and FCR10), and residual feed intake (RFI6, RFI9, and RFI10) for the three growing ages. The highest ADG and lowest FCR were observed at nine and six weeks of age, respectively. We obtained 47,872 high-quality genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by sequencing the genomes and 702 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the gut microbiome by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, both of which were used for analyses of linear mixed models.

Residue Regulates Immunity, Antioxidant Ability, Intestinal Barrier Function, and Microbial Structure in Weaned Piglets.

residue (AR), as the byproduct of industrial extraction of artemisinin, contains rich nutrients and active ingredients. This study was conducted to determine the effects of AR as an unconventional feed material on growth performance, immunity, and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Thirty-two piglets weaned at 21 days (7.

Probiotics Exert Gut Immunomodulatory Effects by Regulating the Expression of Host miRNAs.

Probiotics exert a diverse range of immunomodulatory effects on the human gut immune system. These mechanisms encompass strengthening the intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibiting pathogen adhesion and colonization, stimulating immune modulation, and fostering the production of beneficial substances. As a result, probiotics hold significant potential in the prevention and treatment of various conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.

Gut protects against fat deposition by enhancing secondary bile acid biosynthesis.

Gut microbiome is crucial for lipid metabolism in humans and animals. However, how specific gut microbiota and their associated metabolites impact fat deposition remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the colonic microbiome of lean and obese pigs differentially contributes to fat deposition, as evidenced by colonic microbiota transplantation experiments.

Soybean bioactive peptide supplementation improves gut health and metabolism in broiler chickens.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of soybean bioactive peptide (SBP) on the growth performance and intestinal health of yellow-feathered broilers and to further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of intestinal health using multi-omics analysis. A total of 320 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into two groups, with 10 replicates per group and 16 birds per replicate. Broilers in the control group received the basal diet, and those in the experimental group (SBPG) received the basal diet with 0.

Hydrolyzed protein formula improves the nutritional tolerance by increasing intestinal development and altering cecal microbiota in low-birth-weight piglets.

Background: Prematurity or low birth weight (LBW), poses a significant challenge in global health. Exploring appropriate and effective nutritional interventions is crucial for the growth and development of LBW infants. Hydrolyzed protein formula has been suggested as a potential solution to prevent intestinal dysfunction and improve digestion and absorption in infants.

miR-24-3p inhibits lipid synthesis and progesterone secretion in chicken granulosa cells via ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Normal follicular development is the basis for ovulation in poultry. Our previous sequencing analysis revealed a high expression of miR-24-3p in chicken follicles from degenerated ovaries, suggesting that miR-24-3p may modulate follicular development. Hence, this study investigated the specific mechanisms of miR-24-3p in regulating chicken follicular development.

Revealing the performance of aerotolerant anodes for electroactive nitrification/denitrification and current production under coexistence of oxygen and nitrate conditions.

The coexistence of oxygen and/or nitrate at anode usually affects the biofilm activities of traditional anaerobic anode, thereby deteriorating wastewater treatment performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Improving the aerotolerant responses of anode biofilms is a challenge for field application. In this study, we report that using the electroactive nitrifying/denitrifying inoculum and air-cathode expansion could fabricate the aerotolerant anode biofilms (AAB) under affordable nitrate stress (90 ± 5 mg/L).

USP13 regulates ferroptosis in chicken follicle granulosa cells by deubiquitinating ATG7.

The development and maturation of follicles are intricately linked to egg production and reproductive performance of chickens. Granulosa cells death directly affects the development and maturation of follicles, thereby impacting the reproductive performance of hens. Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death, it is unknown how it affects the growth and development of chicken follicles.

Characterization of a ST137 multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strain with a tet(O)-positive genomic island from a bloodstream infection patient.

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a major cause of gastroenteritis and rarely cause bloodstream infection. Herein, we characterized a multidrug-resistant C.

Multi-sensor dynamic scheduling for defending UAV swarms with Fresnel zone under complex terrain.

The increasing role of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms in modern warfare poses a significant challenge to ground and air defense systems. Considering complex terrain environments and multi-sensor resources including radar and photoelectric systems constraints, a novel multi-sensor dynamic scheduling algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a transmission model with Fresnel zone under complex terrain and sensor models for radar/photoelectric systems are established.

Syringic acid suppresses Cutibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes via regulating the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling axis by activating PPARγ/Nrf2-antioxidant pathway.

Background: Our previous studies have demonstrated a strong relationship betweenCutibacterium acnes(C. acnes), oxidative stress, and acne inflammation. Syringic acid (SA) is a plant widely used for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, but lacking data on acne.

Characteristics of multidrug-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains ST29 and K212 harbouring tmexC2-tmexD2-toprJ2.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize a tigecycline-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKP) strain, identified as KLZT, which carries the tigecycline resistance gene cluster tmexC2-tmexD2-toprJ2 belonging to ST29 and serotype K212.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence phenotypes were assessed, followed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using PacBio II and MiSeq sequencers. Genome annotation was carried out using the RAST server and bioinformatics analysis revealed the genetic characteristics of this strain.

Co-occurrence of ST412 isolates with hypermucoviscous and non-mucoviscous phenotypes in a short-term hospitalized patient.

Unlabelled: Hypermucoviscosity (HMV) is a phenotype that is commonly associated with hypervirulence in . The factors that contribute to the emergence of HMV subpopulations remain unclear. In this study, eight strains were recovered from an inpatient who had been hospitalized for 20 days.

Determination of succinic acid and lactic acid in pigs' serum, intestinal contents, and meat by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Succinic acid and lactic acid have been associated with diarrhea in weaned piglets. The level of succinic acid and lactic acid in serum, meat, and intestinal contents is important to elucidate the mechanism of diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Methods: A facile method was developed for the quantification of succinic acid and lactic acid in pigs' serum, intestinal contents, and meat using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS).

Efficiency of Protective Interventions on Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Irinotecan is widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors, but the adverse effects from it, especially diarrhea, limit its use. Several clinical trials of prophylactic treatment of irinotecan-induced diarrhea (IID) have been ongoing, and some of the data are controversial. This encouraged us to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of interventions on preventing IID.

Effect of geomembrane liner on landfill stability under long-term loading: interfacial shear test and numerical simulation.

Clay liners have been widely used in landfill engineering. However, large-scale clay excavation causes secondary environmental damage. This study investigates the feasibility of replacing clay liners with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes with different specifications and parameters.

Gut microbiota and its metabolic products in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The prevalence rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is estimated at approximately 10% in critically ill patients worldwide, with the mortality rate ranging from 17% to 39%. Currently, ARDS mortality is usually higher in patients with COVID-19, giving another challenge for ARDS treatment. However, the treatment efficacy for ARDS is far from satisfactory.

Facile fabrication of a novel, photodetachable salecan-based hydrogel dressing with self-healing, injectable, and antibacterial properties based on metal coordination.

Achieving the controllable detachment of polysaccharide-based wound dressings is challenging. In this study, a novel, photodetachable salecan-based hydrogel dressing with injectable, self-healing, antibacterial, and wound healing properties was developed using a green and facile approach. A salecan hydrogel with a uniform porous structure and water content of 90.