Molecular Strain Accelerates Electron Transfer for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction.

Fe-N-C materials are emerging catalysts for replacing precious platinum in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for renewable energy conversion. However, their potential is hindered by sluggish ORR kinetics, leading to a high overpotential and impeding efficient energy conversion. Using iron phthalocyanine (FePc) as a model catalyst, we elucidate how the local strain can enhance the ORR performance of Fe-N-Cs.

Non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Data on risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) between non-obese and obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are limited. We aimed to reveal the risk difference of incident CKD between non-obese and obese NAFLD patients.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies which reported the incidence of CKD in non-obese and obese NAFLD from inception to 10 March 2024.

Subtle Modifications in Interface Configurations of Iron/Cobalt Phthalocyanine-Based Electrocatalysts Determine Molecular CO Reduction Activities.

Strain engineering has emerged as a powerful approach in steering material properties. However, the mechanism and potential limitations remain poorly understood. Here we report that subtle changes in molecular configurations can profoundly affect, conducively or adversely, the catalytic selectivity and product turnover frequencies (TOFs) of CO reduction reaction.

Mental health disorder in chronic liver disease: a questionnaire survey.

Background: The mental health of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) warrants greater attention and understanding, especially concerning its risk factors.

Method: Patients from our hospital's hepatology clinic were consecutively enrolled and completed a questionnaire assessing anxiety, depression, and sleep quality using the GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PSQI scales, respectively. Reliability and validity were evaluated with Cronbach's α and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO).

Ultrafine PtCo alloy nanoparticles integrated into porous N-doped nanosheets for durable oxygen reduction reaction.

Here, we propose a sub-3 nm small-size PtCo alloy catalyst integrated into a porous nitrogen-doped nanosheet through a space-confined and interfacial induction strategy. The designed PtCo-CoNC-P catalyst exhibits exceptional durability, with only a minimal 2 mV decline in half-wave potential after 30 000 cycles of accelerated durability tests.

A Universal Synthesis of Single-Atom Catalysts via Operando Bond Formation Driven by Electricity.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs), featuring highly uniform active sites, tunable coordination environments, and synergistic effects with support, have emerged as one of the most efficient catalysts for various reactions, particularly for electrochemical CO reduction (ECR). However, the scalability of SACs is restricted due to the limited choice of available support and problems that emerge when preparing SACs by thermal deposition. Here, an in situ reconstruction method for preparing SACs is developed with a variety of atomic sites, including nickel, cadmium, cobalt, and magnesium.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Amino Acids Enabled by Quaternized Pyridinium Salt MALDI Probe.

The distribution of small biomolecules, particularly amino acids (AAs), differs between normal cells and cancer cells. Imaging this distribution is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of their physiological and pathological significance. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) provides accurate visualization information.

Imaging Anisotropic Proton Intercalation in Photochromic MoO.

Protonation represents a fundamental chemical process with promising applications in the fields of energy, environment, and memory devices. Probing the protonation mechanism, however, presents a formidable challenge owing to the elusiveness of intercalated protons. In this work, we utilize the atomic and electronic structure changes associated with protonation to directly image the proton intercalation pathways in α-MoO induced by UV illumination.

Case report: Intrahepatic cholangiectasis with infection.

infections persist globally among humans. These pathogens mainly inhabit the intrahepatic biliary system. Most individuals with clonorchiasis exhibit mild symptoms.

Facet-Dependent Surface Restructuring on Nickel (Oxy)hydroxides: A Self-Activation Process for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Unraveling the catalyst surface structure and behavior during reactions is essential for both mechanistic understanding and performance optimization. Here we report a phenomenon of facet-dependent surface restructuring intrinsic to β-Ni(OH) catalysts during oxygen evolution reaction (OER), discovered by the correlative and characterization. The study after OER reveals β-Ni(OH) restructuring at the edge facets to form nanoporous NiO, which is Ni deficient containing Ni species.

Oxygen Vacancies Trigger Rapid Charge Transport Channels at the Engineered Interface of S-Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance.

Although oxygen vacancies (Ovs) have been intensively studied in single semiconductor photocatalysts, exploration of intrinsic mechanisms and in-depth understanding of Ovs in S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are still limited. Herein, a novel S-scheme photocatalyst made from WO-Ov/InS with Ovs at the heterointerface is rationally designed. The microscopic environment and local electronic structure of the S-scheme heterointerface are well optimized by Ovs.

Engineering a High-Loading Sub-4 nm Intermetallic Platinum-Cobalt Alloy on Atomically Dispersed Cobalt-Nitrogen-Carbon for Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells.

Developing a high-performance membrane electrode assembly (MEA) poses a formidable challenge for fuel cells, which lies in achieving both high metal loading and efficient catalytic activity concurrently for MEA catalysts. Here, we introduce a porous Co@NC carrier to synthesize sub-4 nm PtCo intermetallic nanocrystals, achieving an impressive Pt loading of 27 wt %. The PtCo-CoNC catalyst demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity and remarkable stability for the oxygen reduction reaction.

A CTL - Lys immune function maintains insect metamorphosis by preventing gut bacterial dysbiosis and limiting opportunistic infections.

Background: Gut bacteria are beneficial to the host, many of which must be passed on to host offspring. During metamorphosis, the midgut of holometabolous insects undergoes histolysis and remodeling, and thus risks losing gut bacteria. Strategies employed by holometabolous insects to minimize this risk are obscure.

Mendelian-randomization study revealed causal relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and osteoporosis/fractures.

Background: Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are reported to have a higher risk of osteoporosis/fractures; however, the causal relationship remains unclear.

Methods: Publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were used for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. GWASs of NAFLD and fractures were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium.

Synthesis of core@shell catalysts guided by Tammann temperature.

Designing high-performance thermal catalysts with stable catalytic sites is an important challenge. Conventional wisdom holds that strong metal-support interactions can benefit the catalyst performance, but there is a knowledge gap in generalizing this effect across different metals. Here, we have successfully developed a generalizable strong metal-support interaction strategy guided by Tammann temperatures of materials, enabling functional oxide encapsulation of transition metal nanocatalysts.

Tracking of Stem Cells in Chronic Liver Diseases: Current Trends and Developments.

Stem cell therapy holds great promise for future clinical practice for treatment of advanced liver diseases. However, the fate of stem cells after transplantation, including the distribution, viability, and the cell clearance, has not been fully elucidated. Herein, recent advances regarding the imaging tools for stem cells tracking mainly in chronic liver diseases with the advantages and disadvantages of each approach have been described.

Persistently high serum aspartate aminotransferase level in an asymptomatic young patient.

Key Clinical Message: We report a young man with isolated elevated AST. He had no other evidence of liver or other related diseases. All the tests and examination reports were negative.

Co-designed metaoptoelectronic deep learning.

A metaoptical system is co-designed with electronic hardware to implement deep learning image recognition. The optical convolution block includes a reflective metasurface to perform one layer of a deep neural network. The optical and digital components are jointly optimized to perform an image classification task attaining 65% accuracy, which is close to the 66% accuracy of a fully-digital network where the optical block is replaced by a digital convolution layer.

Metagrating meets the geometry-based efficiency limit for AR waveguide in-couplers.

Recently, augmented reality (AR) displays have attracted considerable attention due to the highly immersive and realistic viewer experience they can provide. One key challenge of AR displays is the fundamental trade-off between the extent of the field-of-view (FOV) and the size of the eyebox, set by the conservation of etendue sets this trade-off. Exit-pupil expansion (EPE) is one possible solution to this problem.

Comprehensive characterization of multiple components of using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometers.

is the dried ripe fruit of the Rhamnaceae family; it is widely distributed in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, and other places in China. In folk medicine, it was used to restore vital energy, as a blood tonic, and for the treatment of spleen deficiency. To date, a complete investigation of the compounds of has rarely been performed.

Identification of a prognosis-related ceRNA network in cholangiocarcinoma and potentially therapeutic molecules using a bioinformatic approach and molecular docking.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis, and mechanisms of initiation and development are not well characterized. It is long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) acting as miRNA decoys to regulate cancer-related RNAs in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks that suggest a possible molecular mechanism in CCA. The current study aims to find potential prognosis biomarkers and small molecule therapeutic targets based on the construction of a CCA prognosis-related ceRNA network.

Single-Atom Molybdenum-N Sites for Selective Hydrogenation of CO to CO.

The design of efficient non-noble metal catalysts for CO hydrogenation to fuels and chemicals is desired yet remains a challenge. Herein, we report that single Mo atoms with a MoN (pyrrolic) moiety enable remarkable CO adsorption and hydrogenation to CO, as predicted by density functional theory studies and evidenced by a high and stable conversion of CO reaching about 30.4 % with a CO selectivity of almost 100 % at 500 °C and very low H partial pressure.