Microglia Process α-Synuclein Fibrils and Enhance their Pathogenicity in a TREM2-Dependent Manner.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the deposition of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. Converging evidence indicates that the intracellular transmission and subsequent templated amplification of α-syn are involved in the onset and progression of PD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the cell-to-cell transmission of pathological α-syn remain poorly understood.

A human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line (SMUSHi006-A) from an ALS patient carrying a mutation c.1126C > T in the FUS gene.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Four major genes associated with ALS-SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and C9orf72-have been identified, with the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene demonstrating considerable genetic heterogeneity. Our research group has previously established an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line harboring the c.

Nanobody-based Naturally Selected CD7-Targeted CAR-T Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients express CD7 on their myeloblasts. We have previously demonstrated that scFv-based "naturally selected" CD7 CAR-T (NS7CAR-T) therapy shows significant efficacy with a favorable safety profile in T-cell lymphoid malignancies. Here we derived dual nanobody-based dVHH NS7CAR-T cells that have superior CD7 binding specificity, affinity to their scFv-based counterparts and improved proliferative capability.

Microglia-derived Galectin-9 drives amyloid-β pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and overactivation of microglia contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the interaction between microglial activation and Aβ deposition in AD remains elusive. Here we revealed that Aβ activates microglia and promotes the release of Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of the β-galactoside-binding family of lectins. The levels of Gal-9 in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues of AD patients are higher than those in control subjects.

Pulmonary bacterial infection after lung transplantation: risk factors and impact on short-term mortality.

Objective: To explore the risk factors for pulmonary bacterial infection (PBI) after lung transplantation (LTX) and to evaluate the impact of PBI on short-term postoperative mortality.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on 549 recipients who underwent LTX at the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, between January 2018 and December 2021. The risk factors for PBI after LTX were explored by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

The Association Between Brain Metabolic Biomarkers Using F-FDG and Cognition and Vascular Risk Factors, as well as Its Usefulness in the Diagnosis and Staging of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is valuable in Alzheimer's disease (AD) workup.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of F-FDG PET in differentiating and staging AD and associations between brain glucose metabolism and cognitive functions and vascular risk factors.

Methods: 107 participates including 19 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 38 mild AD, 24 moderate AD, 15 moderate-severe AD, and 11 frontotemporal dementia (FTD) were enrolled.

The PM20D1-NADA pathway protects against Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating α-Syn aggregation and neuronal degeneration remain poorly understood. The peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1) gene lies within the PARK16 locus genetically linked to PD.

Body Mass Index and Risk of Female Reproductive System Tumors Subtypes: A Meta-Analysis Using Mendelian Randomization.

A strong association was previously established between body mass index (BMI) and female reproductive system tumors; however, the causal relationship is unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to further explore this association. Genetic information for BMI was retrieved from a published genome-wide association study involving 339,224 participants.

PM2.5 triggers tau aggregation in a mouse model of tauopathy.

The aggregation and prion-like propagation of tau are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the assembly and spread of tau pathology remain elusive. Epidemiological data show that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.

Dynamic Changes in Viral Loads during Co-Infection with a Recombinant Turkey Herpesvirus Vector Vaccine and Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus In Vivo.

Marek's disease (MD), caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV), is a common infectious tumor disease in chickens and was the first neoplastic disease preventable by vaccination. However, the vaccine cannot completely prevent virulent MDV infections, allowing both the vaccine and virulent MDV to coexist in the same chicken for extended periods. This study aims to investigate the changes in viral load of the very virulent strain Md5 and the rHVT-IBD vaccine in different chicken tissues using a real-time PCR assay.

[Implementation and development of endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer].

Objective: To review the development of endoscopic techniques in breast surgery, focusing on their use in benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer, and also summarize the development and application of these techniques in China, highlighting promotion and homogenization challenges and future directions.

Methods: A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted to trace the historical evolution, clinical applications, and related research of endoscopic techniques in breast surgery, emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer.

Results: Endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer have improved patients' postoperative psychological health and quality of life, particularly in scar-free surgery.

IL-4/IL-4R axis signaling drives resistance to immunotherapy by inducing the upregulation of Fcγ receptor IIB in M2 macrophages.

In recent years, immunotherapy, particularly PD-1 antibodies, have significantly enhanced the outcome of gastric cancer patients. Despite these advances, some patients do not respond well to treatment, highlighting the need to understand resistance mechanisms and develop predictive markers of treatment effectiveness. This study retrospectively analyzed data from 106 patients with stage IV gastric cancer who were treated with first-line immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy.

The epithelial axis is an essential regulator of gut inflammation, energy metabolism, and the microbiome.

Chronic inflammation is epidemiologically linked to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling gut inflammation remains insufficient, hindering the development of targeted therapies for IBD and CRC. In this study, we uncovered as a negative regulator of gut inflammation, operating through the modulation of epithelial cell metabolism.

Effects of soluble dietary fiber from pomegranate peel on the physicochemical properties and in-vitro digestibility of sweet potato starch.

The effects of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from pomegranate peel obtained through enzyme (E-SDF) and alkali (A-SDF) extractions on the structural, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of sweet potato starch (SPS) were investigated. The expansion degree of SPS granules, pasting viscosity, gel strength and hardness were decreased after adding E-SDF. The setback was accelerated in the presence of A-SDF but E-SDF delayed this effect during the cooling of the starch paste.

ABA-mediated regulation of rice grain quality and seed dormancy via the NF-YB1-SLRL2-bHLH144 Module.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in promoting plant stress resistance and seed dormancy. However, how ABA regulates rice quality remains unclear. This study identifies a key transcription factor SLR1-like2 (SLRL2), which mediates the ABA-regulated amylose content (AC) of rice.

KIF23 promotes cervical cancer progression via inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC), closely linked to persistent human papillomavirus infection, represents a major health problem for women worldwide. The objective of this study is to elucidate KIF23's role in the development of CC and its regulatory mechanism.

Methods: The bioinformatics methods were utilized to extract pyroptosis-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pivot genes from the GSE9750 and GSE63678 datasets, followed by immune infiltration analysis and quantification of these genes' expression.

A safety and efficacy study of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for refractory and relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma patients who achieved complete remission after autologous CD7 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown promising initial complete remission (CR) rates in patients with refractory or relapsed (r/r) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL). To enhance the remission duration, consolidation with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is considered. Our study delved into the outcomes of 34 patients with r/r T-ALL/LBL who underwent allo-HSCT after achieving CR with autologous CD7 CAR-T therapy.

GDF1 ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by hearing loss.

Hearing loss is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the mechanisms of hearing loss promoting the onset of AD are poorly understood. Here we show that hearing loss aggravates cognitive impairment in both wild-type mice and mouse models of AD.

Exosomes derived from programmed cell death: mechanism and biological significance.

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles present in bodily fluids that mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules, thereby regulating a range of physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes can be secreted from nearly all cell types, and the biological function of exosomes is heterogeneous and depends on the donor cell type and state. Recent research has revealed that the levels of exosomes released from the endosomal system increase in cells undergoing programmed cell death.

N-homocysteinylation of DJ-1 promotes neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

DJ-1, also known as Parkinson's disease protein 7 (Park7), is a multifunctional protein that regulates oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Dysfunction of DJ-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of PD.

Somatic mutations in a multigene panel and impact on prognosis based on TP53 status in Chinese HER2-positive patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy: A single-institution retrospective cohort.

Background: Gene mutations play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors, particularly in breast cancer (BC). Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has shown greater clinical benefit in HER2-positive breast cancer. However, further clinical investigation is needed to fully understand the correlation between genetic mutations and NAT efficacy and the long-term prognosis in HER2-positive BC.