The effectiveness and factors influencing frequency of endoscopic bougie dilatation in treating postoperative anastomotic stenosis of congenital esophageal atresia.

Objective: This study is to evaluate the effectiveness and frequency factors of endoscopic bougie dilatation in treating postoperative anastomotic stenosis of congenital esophageal atresia (CEA).

Methods: The clinical data of patients of anastomotic stenosis with endoscopic bougie were retrospectively analyzed. According to the number of dilation times (ND), patients were divided into two groups (Group 0: ND < 3; Grooup1: ND ≥ 3), and the differences in multiple clinical data were compared.

Analysis of the characteristics of intestinal microbiota after oral tolerance in infants with food protein-induced proctocolitis.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota after oral tolerance in infants with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIAP) treated with amino acid formula and their differences from healthy children, aiming to provide a scientific basis for guiding the application of probiotics during treatment.

Methods: FPIAP infants were prospectively enrolled, fecal specimens were obtained, and DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V4 region. Library construction and sequencing were performed, and bioinformatic analysis was performed after obtaining valid data.

Serum vitamin D status in a cohort of infants with food protein‑induced gastrointestinal disease.

Increases in the prevalence of food allergy and vitamin D deficiency have been observed in recent years. The association between vitamin D levels and food allergy remains to be fully elucidated, and research focused on the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in infants with food protein-induced gastrointestinal disease in Chengdu, Sichuan is lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] insufficiency and sufficiency in infants with food protein-induced gastrointestinal disease.

Trained immunity can improve the disease resistance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Trained immunity has been widely observed in mammals. Its identification in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is important for disease resistance in the crayfish farming industry. In this study, the mortality, expression of immune genes, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phagocytosis ability of haemocytes in crayfish infected by pathogens (Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus) and crayfish trained with β-glucan or PBS (the control) were assessed when they were re-challenged by the pathogens.

Intestinal microbiota profiles in infants with acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus and norovirus infection: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare the intestinal microbiota profiles in infants following rotavirus (RV) and human norovirus (HNoV) infection.

Methods: Faecal specimens from 18 infants {mean age 11.8 months [standard deviation (SD) 3.

[Selection of enteral nutrition regimens for children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura].

Objective: To explore the reasonable and effective enteral nutrition regimen for children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of children with abdominal HSP who were hospitalized from August 2013 to August 2018. According to the starting time of enteral nutrition after abdominal pain relief, the children were divided into three groups: < 24 hours (=68), 24-48 hours (=64), and 48-72 hours (=60).

Fanconi-Bickel syndrome in an infant with cytomegalovirus infection: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation of the gene, which encodes glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT2).

Case Summary: We report a 7-mo-old girl with cytomegalovirus infection presenting hepatomegaly, jaundice, liver transaminase elevation, fasting hypoglycemia, hyperglycosuria, proteinuria, hypophosphatemia, rickets, and growth retardation. After prescription of ganciclovir, the levels of bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase decreased to normal, while she still had aggravating hepatomegaly and severe hyperglycosuria.

Mechanism underlying the significant role of the miR-4262/SIRT1 axis in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal disease. In total, >2 million individuals worldwide have been diagnosed with IBD, including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD) and indeterminate colitis. There is accumulating evidence to indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are involved in the development and progression of IBD.

The Role of Human Coronavirus Infection in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis.

Since human coronavirus (HCoV)-like particles were detected in the stool specimens of acute gastroenteritis and necrotizing enterocolitis children with electron microscopy, the relationship between HCoV and the pediatric gastrointestinal illness had been recognized. In recent years, the overall detection rates have been low and have varied by region. HCoVs have not been considered as the major pathogens in pediatric acute gastroenteritis.

Current status of fecal calprotectin as a diagnostic or monitoring biomarker for cow's milk protein allergy in children: a scoping review.

Background: There are few approved biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), thus the oral food challenge remains to be the golden diagnostic standard. A potential biomarker is fecal calprotectin, a cytosolic protein, elevating in the presence of intestinal mucosal inflammation. We aimed to undertake a scoping review of the evidence pertaining to the current status of fecal calprotectin used for diagnosis and monitoring CMPA in children, and tried to indicate the aspects needed to be concerned in the future investigations and researches.

From SARS to COVID-19: What we have learned about children infected with COVID-19.

Introduction: Coronaviruses, both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, first appeared in China. They have certain biological, epidemiological and pathological similarities. To date, research has shown that their genes exhibit 79% of identical sequences and the receptor-binding domain structure is also very similar.

[Clinical effect of alanyl-glutamine-enriched nutritional support in the treatment of children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura].

Objective: To study the clinical effect of alanyl-glutamine-enriched nutritional support in the treatment of children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Methods: Children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura who needed nutritional support were enrolled and stratified according to age, sex and the severity of disease, and were randomly divided into a control group (n=118) and an enriched nutritional support group (n=107). The control group was given nutritional support without using alanyl-glutamine, while the enriched nutritional support group was given alanyl-glutamine-enriched nutritional support.

[Epidemiological and clinical features of calicivirus-associated diarrhea in hospitalized children in Chengdu, China from 2012 to 2014].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of calicivirus-associated diarrhea in hospitalized children in Chengdu, China in recent years.

Methods: The clinical data of 267 children with calicivirus-associated diarrhea aged <5 years who were hospitalized in Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital (the only sentinel hospital for sample collection of pediatric viral diarrhea in Chengdu, Sichuan) between January 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively studied.

Results: Among the 267 children, 200 (74.

Current views of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases and may play a potential role in certain extra-intestinal diseases. H.

The neuroprotective roles of BDNF in hypoxic ischemic brain injury.

Hypoxia-ischemia (H/I) brain injury results in various degrees of damage to the body, and the immature brain is particularly fragile to oxygen deprivation. Hypothermia and erythropoietin (EPO) have long been known to be neuroprotective in ischemic brain injury. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been recognized as a potent modulator capable of regulating a wide repertoire of neuronal functions.

Neuroprotective effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediated by autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been demonstrated to be a potent growth factor that is beneficial in neuronal functions following hypoxia‑ischemia (HI). Mature BDNF triggers three enzymes, mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K) and phosphoinositide phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ), which are its predominant downstream regulators. The PI3K‑Akt signaling pathway is upstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is important in the induction of autophagy.