NK Cells in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic airway disease with varied frequencies of acute exacerbations, which are the main cause of morbidity and mortality of the disease. It is, therefore, urgent to develop novel therapies for COPD and its exacerbations, which rely heavily on understanding of the pathogenesis and investigation for potential targets. Current evidence indicates that natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in the pathological processes of COPD.

A γ-adducin cleavage fragment induces neurite deficits and synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.

Neurite deficits and synaptic dysfunction contribute to cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that γ-adducin, a cytoskeleton-associated protein that assembles the spectrin-actin framework, is cleaved by a lysosomal cysteine proteinase named asparagine endopeptidase (AEP).

Potential Networks Regulated by MSCs in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: Exosomal miRNAs and Intracellular Target Genes.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe syndrome associated with high mortality. Alterations in the liver microenvironment are one of the vital causes of immune damage and liver dysfunction. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have been reported to alleviate liver injury via exosome-mediated signaling; of note, miRNAs are one of the most important cargoes in exosomes.

LINC-PINT impedes DNA repair and enhances radiotherapeutic response by targeting DNA-PKcs in nasopharyngeal cancer.

Radioresistance continues to be the leading cause of recurrence and metastasis in nasopharyngeal cancer. Long noncoding RNAs are emerging as regulators of DNA damage and radioresistance. LINC-PINT was originally identified as a tumor suppressor in various cancers.

Traditional Chinese exercise potential role as prevention and adjuvant therapy in patients with COVID-19.

The epidemic situation of COVID-19 is a great public health emergency worldwide characterized by fastest spreading, widest infection range and the mostly difficult to prevent and control in recent years. According to medical experience, traditional Chinese exercises (TCE) have been applied for COVID-19 prevention, adjuvant treatment or rehabilitation, and achieved some curative effects. They can enhance the body immunity, improve the function of organs, especially cardiopulmonary function, promote physical and mental rehabilitation by adjusting the body, regulating the breath, regulating the mind.

Risk factors for systemic and venous thromboembolism, mortality and bleeding risks in 1125 patients with COVID-19: relationship with anticoagulation status.

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity from thromboembolism, especially venous thromboembolism. There are more limited data for systemic thromboembolism. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of systemic and venous thromboembolism as well as major bleeding and mortality in relation to underlying risk factors and the impact of anticoagulation use in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

The effectiveness of continuous renal replacement therapy in critical COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome: a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study from Wuhan, China.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly since 2019. Approximately 15% of the patients will develop severe complications such as multiple organ disease syndrome related to cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) can remove inflammatory cytokines through filtration or adsorption.

A New Approach to Model Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease by Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Injection in APP/PS1 Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among elderly people. Majority of AD cases are sporadic (SAD) with unknown cause. Transgenic animal models closely reflect the familial (genetic) aspect of the disease but not the sporadic type.

hPER3 promotes adipogenesis via hHSP90AA1-mediated inhibition of Notch1 pathway.

The period circadian regulator 3 (PER3) has been reported to play a negative role in human immortalized bone marrow-derived Scp-1 cells (iBMSCs) and patient adipose-derived stromal cells (PASCs) or a negative/positive role in mice adipogenesis. However, human PER3 (hPER3) was identified as a positive regulator of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) adipogenesis in this study. Silencing or overexpression of hPER3 in hADSCs inhibited and promoted adipogenesis in vitro.

RANKL Mediates Muscle Atrophy and Dysfunction in a Cigarette Smoke-induced Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Skeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the important comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand), a key mediator in osteoclast differentiation, was also found to play a role in skeletal muscle pathogenesis. Whether RANKL is involved in COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction is as-of-yet unknown.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy: A Promising Approach for Severe COVID-19.

During the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many critically ill patients died of severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. To date, no specific treatments have been proven to be effective for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the animal models and clinical applications, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been shown safety and efficacy for the treatment of respiratory virus infection through their abilities of differentiation and immunomodulation.

HFOV vs CMV for neonates with moderate-to-severe perinatal onset acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS): a propensity score analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate whether high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) could reduce mortality and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of perinatal-onset neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS) compared with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Medical records were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Among the 700 neonates with NARDS who needed invasive ventilation, 501 (71.

Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lymphoid Neogenesis in COPD Involves IL-17/RANKL Pathway.

IL-17 is critical in lung lymphoid neogenesis in COPD, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) functions in lymphoid follicle formation in other organs, whether it is involved in IL-17A-dependent lymphoid neogenesis in COPD is unknown. To elucidate the expression and functional role of IL-17A/RANKL pathway in COPD.

An incomplete form of anti-ganglioside antibody-positive Miller Fisher syndrome after an Epstein-Barr virus infection: A case report.

Rationale: The Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is an acute polyradiculoneuritis regarded as an uncommon clinical variant of the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). It is characterized by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. The diagnosis of MFS is based on clinical presentation, presence of albuminocytologic dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and normal brain imaging results.

Association between hypertension-mediated organ damage and obesity defined by novel anthropometric indices in community-dwelling elderly individuals.

Objective: Body mass index (BMI), the most common anthropometric index, has recently been challenged by two emerging parameters: a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI). The purpose of this study was to explore the associations of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) with conventional and novel anthropometric parameters.

Methods: This is a multistage community-based observational and cross-sectional study.

Synthesizing CT images from MR images with deep learning: model generalization for different datasets through transfer learning.

Replacing CT imaging with MR imaging for MR-only radiotherapy has sparked the interest of many scientists and is being increasingly adopted in radiation oncology. Although many studies have focused on generating CT images from MR images, only models on data with the same dataset were tested. Therefore, how well the trained model will work for data from different hospitals and MR protocols is still unknown.

Comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs N-methyladenosine modification in colorectal cancer.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their N6-methyladenosine (M6A) modifications are involved in cancer occurrence and development.

Methods: lncRNA M6A modification in colorectal cancer (CRC) was comprehensively analyzed for the first time.

Results: M6A levels of lnRNAs in CRC tissues were higher than those in tumor-adjacent normal tissues.

Advances in Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy.

Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN), a major cause of nephrotic syndrome, has attracted people's attention in recent years for its growing prevalence. It is the second or third leading cause of ESRD in patients with primary glomerulonephritis and is the leading glomerulopathy that recurs after kidney transplantation.

Summary: MN can be classified as idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and secondary MN.

Differential Impact of Systemic Lymphadenectomy Upon the Survival of Patients with Type I vs Type II Endometrial Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Purpose: To determine whether systemic lymphadenectomy exerts a similar effect on the survival of patients with either type I or type II endometrial cancer (EC).

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective study, 682 eligible patients diagnosed with EC were typed according to the pathological reports. The thoroughness of lymphadenectomy was evaluated by the lymph node number of which the cut-off value was determined by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index.

Whole body vibration training improves depression-like behaviors in a rat chronic restraint stress model.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that brings great harm and burden to both patients and society. This study aimed to examine the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training on a chronic restraint stress (CRS) induced depression rat model and provide an initial understanding of related molecular mechanisms. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: a) control group, b) depressive disorder group, and c) depression with WBV training treatment group.

Effects of a novel anti-biofilm peptide CRAMP combined with antibiotics on the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

The remarkable ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form biofilms renders antibiotic treatments inefficient and therefore causing a wide variety of chronic infections. The quorum sensing (QS) system in P. aeruginosa plays a role in the regulation of genes controlling virulence factors and biofilm formation, which may be an essential target for pharmacological intervention.

Contribution of TFEB-mediated autophagy to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease.

Autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master controller of autophagy. However, the pathophysiological roles of TFEB in modulating autophagy and tubulointerstitial injury in CKD are unknown.

Temporal variation of airborne fungi in university library rooms and its relation to environmental parameters and potential confounders.

Indoor airborne fungi have been associated with adverse human health effects. Therefore, it is important to understand the causes of underlying variation in airborne fungi in indoor environments. This study consequently aimed to investigate the association between indoor fungi with temporal variation, environmental parameters, and potential confounders over 10 months in four library rooms using Andersen samplers.

Comparison of Supervised and Unsupervised Deep Learning Methods for Medical Image Synthesis between Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Images.

Cross-modality medical image synthesis between magnetic resonance (MR) images and computed tomography (CT) images has attracted increasing attention in many medical imaging area. Many deep learning methods have been used to generate pseudo-MR/CT images from counterpart modality images. In this study, we used U-Net and Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN), which were typical networks of supervised and unsupervised deep learning methods, respectively, to transform MR/CT images to their counterpart modality.