Combined effect of work stress and impaired sleep on coronary and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive workers: The MONICA/KORA cohort study.

Background: Although work stress and impaired sleep are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among healthy individuals, their impact on hypertensive workers is largely unknown.

Design: Prospective cohort study design.

Methods: Hypertensive workers (N = 1959), derived from the population-based MONICA/KORA study in Southern Germany, who were free of any cardiovascular disease and diabetes were interviewed at baseline for work stress (high demand plus low control) and impaired sleep (difficulties falling asleep and/or maintaining sleep).

Room for depressed and exhausted mood as a risk predictor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality beyond the contribution of the classical somatic risk factors in men.

Background And Aims: Depressed mood and exhaustion (DEEX) have gained attention as a risk predictor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies to estimate its ranking in prediction models are sparse.

Methods: The study included 3428 men aged 45-74 years who participated in one of three population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg surveys conducted between 1984 and 1995.