Dietary Protein Requirement of Juvenile Dotted Gizzard Shad Based on the Variation of Fish Meal.

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance, feed utilization, and energy retention of juvenile dotted gizzard shad based on the variation of fish meal. Fish meal was used as the sole protein source; five semi-purified diets were formulated with varying crude protein (CP) levels of 22.52%, 28.

[The role of polymorphonuclear cells in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in a canine model of pulmonary thromboembolism].

Objective: To explore the effects of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) on lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a canine model of pulmonary thromboembolism.

Methods: Fifteen dogs were divided into three groups: a sham group (n = 5), an ischemia group (n = 5) and a reperfusion group (n = 5). PMN in the whole blood were isolated with density gradient centrifugation.

[Relationship between polymorphisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter gene and pulmonary thromboembolism in Chinese Han population].

Objective: To determine the prevalence of polymorphisms in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promoter 4G/5G polymorphisms in Chinese Han population and to investigate whether they are associated with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).

Methods: Samples of peripheral venous blood were collected from 101 patients with PTE diagnosed by high probability of lung ventilation/perfusion scan and/or multi-slice CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) as well as medical history and clinical manifestations, 67 males and 34 females, aged 48 +/- 15, and 101 age and sex-matched healthy controls from the same geographic area as controls. The genome DNA was extracted from the whole blood using potassium iodide-phenol-chloroform method.

[Effects of different durations of thromboembolism on blood gases, hemodynamics, pulmonary arteriography and thrombo-pathology in a canine model with selective embolization of pulmonary lobar arteries].

Objective: To investigate the effects of different durations of thromboembolism on blood gases, hemodynamic parameters, pulmonary arteriography and thrombo-pathology in an animal model mimicking chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).

Methods: Sixteen dogs were embolized with five thrombi developed by autologous blood into the left lower pulmonary artery (n = 15) and the right lower pulmonary artery (n = 1, used to confirm the available method of selective embolization). The 15 dogs were divided into three groups: sham group (n = 5), one-week group (n = 5) and two-week group (n = 5) according to the different durations of embolization.

[The effect of VEGF antisense oligonucleotides combined with low molecular weight heparin on the growth and metastasis of mice Lewis lung cancer].

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antisense oligonucleotides or/and dalteparin sodium (fragmin) on tumor growth and metastasis of mice Lewis lung cancer.

Methods: 40 mice with Lewis lung cancer were randomizedly divided into five groups: control group, VEGF antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) group, VEGF mismatch sense oligonucleotides (MSODN) group, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) group, and combined group. Sodium chloride, VEGF-ASODN, VEGF -MSODN, fragmin, and VEGF-ASODN plus fragmin were given respectively (once every two days, 15 times altogether).

Relationship between polymorphisms of genes encoding microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase P1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, only 10% - 20% of chronic heavy cigarette smokers develop symptomatic disease. COPD is most likely the result of complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors.

[Association between polymorphisms in the microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Objective: To investigate the association between polymorphisms in the microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) gene and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Chinese population.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were performed to genotype mEH polymorphisms in exon3 (Tyr113-->His) and exon4 (His139-->Arg) in 100 COPD patients and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls.

Results: (1) The proportion of mEH heterozygotes in exon3 was significantly higher in the patients with COPD than that in the control subjects (42% vs 32%).

[Association between polymorphisms in the gene coding for glutathione S-transferase P1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Objective: To investigate the association between polymorphisms in the gene coding for glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Chinese population.

Methods: This was a pilot study of the molecular epidemiology in patients with COPD. The research design was a case-control study.

[A canine model of acute pulmonary thromboembolism induced by autologous radioactive blood clots].

Objective: To establish a canine model of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) for evaluating the effects of thrombolytic therapy.

Methods: The preparations of radioactive blood clots in vitro were made from fresh whole blood (from 6 donors) mixed with (99m)Tc-SC. After eluting the clots with saline solution, the stability and evenness of (99m)Tc-SC in the clots were determined.

Beta-carotene protects rats against bronchitis induced by cigarette smoking.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of beta-carotene in rats against the development of chronic bronchitis induced by cigarette smoking.

Methods: Forty-two Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three study groups: (1) control (n = 15), animals underwent no treatment; (2) cigarette smoking (n = 15), animals developed chronic bronchitis through long-term cigarette smoking twice a day for 75 d; (3) beta-carotene plus cigarette smoking animals (n = 12) were given 1 ml or 15 mg/kg beta-carotene orally every day just before cigarette smoking. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipoperoxide (LPO) in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were measured and the pathological changes to lung tissue were analyzed using light microscopy.

[Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in lung tissue and levels of some cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the obstructive emphysema rat models].

Objective: To observe the changes of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in lung tissue of the obstructive emphysema rat models and to evaluate the relationship between these changes and emphysema formation.

Methods: The rat emphysema models were established by exposure to cigarette smoking. Pulmonary function tests were performed to evaluate the forced expiratory volume in 0.

Sequential non-invasive mechanical ventilation following short-term invasive mechanical ventilation in COPD induced hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Objective: To estimate the feasibility and the efficacy of early extubation and sequential non-invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with exacerbated hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Methods: Twenty-two intubated COPD patients with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure due to pulmonary infection (pneumonia or purulent bronchitis) were involved in the study. At the time of pulmonary infection control window (PIC window) appeared, when pulmonary infection had been significantly controlled (resolution of fever and decrease in purulent sputum, radiographic infiltrations, and leukocytosis) after the antibiotic and the comprehensive therapy, the early extubation was conducted and followed by non-invasive MV via facial mask immediately in 11 cases (study group).

[The pathology of and the cardio-pulmonary functional changes in acute multiple pulmonary microthromboembolism in a canine model].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of acute multiple pulmonary microthromboembolism on circulation, ventilation, lung histology, and the coagulatory and fibrinolytic functions.

Methods: Thirteen dogs were studied, 7 in the embolism group and 6 in the control group. 10 ml of blood was withdrawn from each animal.

Proportional assist ventilation: methodology and therapeutics on COPD patients compared with pressure support ventilation.

Objective: To investigate the impact of proportional assist ventilation (PAV) on tolerance and breathlessness in ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to describe the patient-ventilator interaction, hemodynamic state, breathing pattern and work of breath during PAV and pressure support ventilation (PSV).

Methods: Ten intubated COPD patients on weaning from mechanical ventilation were studied. Elastance and resistance were measured by both the inspiratory-hold technique during a brief period of volume control ventilation and runaway technique during PAV.