Behavioral, Physiological, and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Adaptation of to the Fruits of a Marginal Host: Walnut ().

In northwest China, changes in cultivation patterns and the scarcity of preferred hosts have forced to feed on the marginal host walnut (). However, the mechanisms allowing this adaptation remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the behavioral, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying the local adaptation of this pest to walnut fruits.

Functional characterization of a novel terpene synthase GaTPS1 involved in (E)-α-bergamotene biosynthesis in Gossypium arboreum.

Terpenoids in plants are mainly synthesized by terpene synthases (TPSs), which play an important role in plant-environment interactions. Gossypium arboreum is one of the important cotton cultivars with excellent pest resistance, however, the biosynthesis of most terpenoids in this plant remains unknown. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of leaves from intact and Helicoverpa armigera-infested cotton plants.

Pangenome Identification and Analysis of Terpene Synthase Gene Family Members in .

Terpene synthases (TPSs), key gatekeepers in the biosynthesis of herbivore-induced terpenes, are pivotal in the diversity of terpene chemotypes across and within plant species. Here, we constructed a gene-based pangenome of the genus by integrating the genomes of 17 diploid and 10 tetraploid species. Within this pangenome, 208 syntelog groups (SGs) were identified, comprising 2 core SGs (TPS5 and TPS42) present in all 27 analyzed genomes, 6 softcore SGs (TPS11, TPS12, TPS13, TPS35, TPS37, and TPS47) found in 25 to 26 genomes, 131 dispensable SGs identified in 2 to 24 genomes, and 69 private SGs exclusive to a single genome.

Synergistic mechanism of botanical pesticide camptothecin encapsulated in a nanocarrier against fall armyworm: Enhanced stability and amplified growth suppression.

Botanical pesticides are one of the most promising alternatives to synthetic insecticides for green pest management. However, their efficacies must be further improved to meet real needs. Here we designed a nanoscale camptothecin (CPT) encapsulated in a star polycation (SPc) and determined its bioactivity against a devastating agricultural pest, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Aramid Honeycomb Cores under Constant Pressure: Unveiling the Out-of-Plane Compression Deformation.

The primary challenge during the secondary bonding process of full-height honeycomb sandwich structures is the aramid honeycomb core's height shrinkage. This paper systematically investigated the height evolution behavior of the honeycomb core by using a creep testing machine. The results showed that the out-of-plane compression deformation curve of aramid honeycomb cores is mainly divided into three stages: the dehumidification stage, the pressurization stage and the creep stage.

Insecticidal activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of a phytochemical plumbagin against .

Introduction: Plumbagin is an important phytochemical and has been reported to exhibit potent larvicidal activity against several insect pests, However, the insecticidal mechanism of plumbagin against pests is still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the insecticidal activities of plumbagin and the underlying molecular mechanisms against a devastating agricultural pest, the fall armyworm .

Methods: The effects of plumbagin on larval development and the activities of two detoxification enzymes were initially examined.

Volatiles of different resistant cotton varieties mediate the host preference of Mirid bug .

Cotton, a crucial economic crop, is also the preferred host plant of the mirid bug . In our previous field experiments, we found that cotton cultivars Kelin 08-15 and BR-S-10 (healthy and herbivore-damaged plants) exhibit distinct attraction and repellence to , respectively. However, the key plant volatiles determining attraction or repulsion effects remain unknown.

The Basic/Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Family Gene RcbHLH112 Is a Susceptibility Gene in Gray Mould Resistance of Rose (Rosa Chinensis).

The basic/helix-loop-helix () family is a major family of transcription factors in plants. Although it has been reported that plays a defensive role against pathogen infection in plants, there is no comprehensive study on the -related defence response in rose ( sp.).

Two jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferases in involved in MeJA biosynthesis may contribute to plant defense.

Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the crucial plant hormones, can induce the emission of plant volatiles and regulate the behavioral responses of insect pests or their natural enemies. In this study, two jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferases (JMTs), GhJMT1 and GhJMT2, involved in MeJA biosynthesis in were identified and further functionally confirmed. , recombinant GhJMT1 and GhJMT2 were both responsible for the conversion of JA to MeJA.

Functional characterization of a terpene synthase responsible for ()-β-ocimene biosynthesis identified in transcriptome after herbivory.

()-β-ocimene, a ubiquitous monoterpene volatile in plants, is emitted from flowers to attract pollinators and/or from vegetative tissues as part of inducible defenses mediated by complex signaling networks when plants are attacked by insect herbivores. Wild pear species used worldwide as rootstock generally displays valuable pest-resistant traits and is a promising genetic resource for pear breeding. In the current study, transcriptional changes in this wild pear species infested with a polyphagous herbivore and the underlying molecular mechanisms were fully investigated.

Characterization of a Novel Insect-Induced Sesquiterpene Synthase GbTPS1 Based on the Transcriptome of Feeding by Cotton Bollworm.

When attacked by insect herbivores, plants initiate sophisticated defenses mediated by complex signaling networks and usually release a blend of functional volatiles such as terpenes against infestation. The extra-long staple cotton cultivated worldwide as natural textile fiber crop is frequently exposed to a variety of herbivores, such as cotton bollworm . However, little is known about insect-induced transcriptional changes and molecular mechanisms underlying subsequent defense responses in .

Modelling the current and future potential distribution of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris with increasingly serious damage to soybean.

Background: The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, has received intense attention in recent years because of its involvement in increasing outbreaks of staygreen syndrome in soybean (Glycine max (L.)), often causing almost 100% loss of soybean yield in China. However, for this pest of great economic importance, potential current and future distribution patterns and their underlying driving factors remain unclear.

Effects of aphid-induced semiochemicals from cover plants on Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

Background: Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important natural enemy of aphids. Plant species and plant health conditions can affect the behavior of H. axyridis.

Haplotype-resolved genome of diploid ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its unique gingerol biosynthetic pathway.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale), the type species of Zingiberaceae, is one of the most widespread medicinal plants and spices. Here, we report a high-quality, chromosome-scale reference genome of ginger 'Zhugen', a traditionally cultivated ginger in Southwest China used as a fresh vegetable, assembled from PacBio long reads, Illumina short reads, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) reads. The ginger genome was phased into two haplotypes, haplotype 1 (1.

Host plants transfer induced regulation of the chemosensory genes repertoire in the alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze).

The alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus, an economically important pest, has representative behavioral characteristics with host plants transfer. Olfactory system is essential for insects to perceive ever-changing chemical signals in the external environment, and chemosensory genes play crucial roles in signals reception and transduction. In this work, we compared the differences in chemosensory genes expression before and after host plants transfer by constructing 12 antennal transcriptomes of male and female bugs, respectively.

Prior Experience with Food Reward Influences the Behavioral Responses of the Honeybee and the Bumblebee to Tomato Floral Scent.

Bee responses to floral scent are usually influenced by both innate biases and prior experience. Honeybees are less attracted than bumblebees to tomato flowers. However, little is known about how tomato floral scent regulates the foraging behaviors of honeybees and bumblebees.

Engineering Nicotiana tabacum for the de novo biosynthesis of DMNT to regulate orientation behavior of the parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator.

Background: (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), one of the homoterpenes, is thought to contribute to plant indirect defense against insect herbivores. DMNT-enriched plants have great application potential to regulate insect behavior in the 'push & pull' strategy of pest management. However, de novo biosynthesis of DMNT in plants without a homoterpene metabolic pathway in their wild type is still not achieved, and the role of DMNT played in these plants and their interacted insects remains unclear.

The male-produced aggregation pheromone of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips usitatus in China: identification and attraction of conspecifics in the laboratory and field.

Background: Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus, usually display aggregation behavior, which is probably mediated by a male-produced aggregation pheromone. Aggregation pheromones are species-specific, and can be used to develop commercial lures for monitoring and mass-trapping of pests. The active components of the aggregation pheromone for four thrips species have been identified.

Overexpression of the caryophyllene synthase gene GhTPS1 in cotton negatively affects multiple pests while attracting parasitoids.

Backgroud: Volatile terpenes can act as ecological signals to affect insect behavior. It has been proposed that the manipulation of terpenes in plants can help to control herbivore pests. In order to investigate the potential pest management function of (E)-β-caryophyllene in cotton plants, the (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase gene (GhTPS1) was inserted into Gossypium hirsutum variety R15 to generate overexpression lines.

Behavioral thermoregulation in Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in response to the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana.

Insects such as locusts and grasshoppers can reduce the effectiveness of pathogens and parasites by adopting different defense strategies. We investigated the behavioral thermopreference of Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) induced by the fungus Beauveria bassiana, and the impact this behavior had on the fungal mycosis under laboratory conditions. By basking in higher temperature locations, infected nymphs elevated their thoracic temperature to 30-32.

Efficiency of Trichome-Based Plant Defense in Depends on Insect Behavior, Plant Ontogeny, and Structure.

Plant trichomes often function as physical barriers in preventing arthropod feeding and oviposition. Even though insects are frequently reported being entrapped and killed by trichome traps, the actual trapping behavior has not yet been described in detail. Capture experiments showed that capture efficiency during the plant's vegetative stage was considerably higher than in the fruiting and cotyledon stages.

The terpene synthase gene family in Gossypium hirsutum harbors a linalool synthase GhTPS12 implicated in direct defence responses against herbivores.

Herbivore-induced terpenes have been reported to function as ecological signals in plant-insect interactions. Here, we showed that insect-induced cotton volatile blends contained 16 terpenoid compounds with a relatively high level of linalool. The high diversity of terpene production is derived from a large terpene synthase (TPS) gene family.

Identification and functional analysis of two P450 enzymes of Gossypium hirsutum involved in DMNT and TMTT biosynthesis.

The homoterpenes (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) are major herbivore-induced plant volatiles that can attract predatory or parasitic arthropods to protect injured plants from herbivore attack. In this study, DMNT and TMTT were confirmed to be emitted from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants infested with chewing caterpillars or sucking bugs. Two CYP genes (GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2) involved in homoterpene biosynthesis in G.

TPS46, a Rice Terpene Synthase Conferring Natural Resistance to Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid, (Linnaeus).

Plant terpene synthases (TPSs) are key enzymes responsible for terpene biosynthesis, and can play important roles in defense against herbivore attack. In rice, the protein sequence of TPS46 was most closely related to maize TPS10. However, unlike maize , was also constitutively expressed in rice even in the absence of herbivore attack.