Endowing Pt(IV) with Perfluorocarbon Chains and Human Serum Albumin Encapsulation for Highly Effective Antitumor Chemoimmunotherapy.

Tumor metastases and reoccurrence are considered the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths. As an emerging therapeutic method, increasing research efforts have been devoted to immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing compounds to solve the challenge. The clinically approved chemotherapeutic Pt complexes are not or are only poorly able to trigger ICD.

Is it reasonable to shorten the length of cemented stems? A finite element analysis and biomechanical experiment.

Uncemented short stems have been shown to optimize load distribution on the proximal femur, reducing stress shielding and preserving bone mass. However, they may adversely affect the initial stability of the stems. To date, most research conducted on short stems has predominantly centered on uncemented stems, leaving a notable dearth of investigations encompassing cemented stems.

Both Acetabular and Femoral Reconstructions With Impaction Bone Grafting in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: Case Series and Literature Review.

Background: Extensive bone loss on femur and acetabulum posed a big challenge to orthopedists in total hip revision surgeries. Impaction bone grafting (IBG) as a valuable bone preservation technique could effectively address this problem. Either IBG revision on the femoral or acetabular side was well studied, while its use on both sides in one operation was not.

Mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis: The need for translation into clinical therapy.

Widely used for cell-based therapy in various medical fields, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show capacity for anti-inflammatory effects, anti-apoptotic activity, immunomodulation, and tissue repair and regeneration. As such, they can potentially be used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). However, MSCs from different sources have distinct advantages and disadvantages, and various animal models and clinical trials using different sources of MSCs are being conducted in OA regenerative medicine.

Inhibition of Leukotriene A Hydrolase Suppressed Cartilage Degradation and Synovial Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Experimental Osteoarthritis.

Objective: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the osteoarthritis (OA) pathology but how this influence OA disease progression is unclear. Leukotriene B4 (LTB) is a potent proinflammatory lipid mediator generated from arachidonic acid through the sequential activities of 5-lipoxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, Leukotriene A hydrolase (LTAH) and its downstream product LTB. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement and the potential therapeutic target of the LTB pathway in OA disease progression.

Impaction Bone Grafting with Low Dose Irradiated Freeze-Dried Allograft Bone for Acetabular Reconstruction.

Objective: Reconstruction of acetabular defects has been extremely challenging in both primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Impaction bone grafting (IBG) can restore the acetabulum bone mass and anatomically reconstruct the acetabulum. Our study aimed to report the short and medium-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of IBG for acetabular reconstruction in the cemented THA in the Chinese population.

Arthroscopic Management of Giant Meniscal Cysts Among Young Patients: An Average Three-Year MRI Follow-Up.

Objective: To describe an arthroscopic technique for giant meniscal cyst excision with preservation of the functional meniscus, report the short- and medium-term outcomes, and assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for follow-up imaging evaluations.

Methods: A total of 54 consecutive patients with symptomatic meniscal cysts were admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2014 and 2019. Nine patients with giant meniscus cysts (six females and three males) were included in this study.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Modulate Chondrocyte Glutamine Metabolism to Alleviate Osteoarthritis Progression.

Osteoarthritis (OA) had a high incidence in people over 65 years old, and there is currently no drug that could completely cure it. This study is aimed at studying the role of exosomes in regulating glutamine metabolism in the treatment of OA. First, we identified the exosomes extracted from the mouse OA model's bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).

Nanoparticle delivery of a triple-action Pt(IV) prodrug to overcome cisplatin resistance synergistic effect.

Cisplatin is the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent due to its efficacy in the treatment of a broad range of cancer types; while the side effects and drug resistance of cisplatin limit its clincial application. Combination therapy, which contains several types of free drugs, exhibits promising potential in clinical practice. Nevertheless, current combination chemotherapy cannot accurately deliver different drug components into a single tumor cell at the same time.

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems with platinum drugs for overcoming cancer drug resistance.

Platinum drugs are commonly used in cancer therapy, but their therapeutic outcomes have been significantly compromised by the drug resistance of cancer cells. To this end, intensive efforts have been made to develop nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for platinum drugs, due to their multifunctionality in delivering drugs, in modulating the tumor microenvironment, and in integrating additional genes, proteins, and small molecules to overcome chemoresistance in cancers. To facilitate the clinical application of these promising nanoparticle-based platinum drug delivery systems, this paper summarizes the common mechanisms for chemoresistance towards platinum drugs, the advantages of nanoparticles in drug delivery, and recent strategies of nanoparticle-based platinum drug delivery.

Identification of KIF4A as a pan-cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarker via bioinformatics analysis and validation in osteosarcoma cell lines.

Background: Cancer is a disease of abnormal cell proliferation caused by abnormal expression of cancer-related genes. However, it is still difficult to distinguish benign and malignant lesions in many cases. KIF4A has been reported to be associated with a variety of cancer lesions.

Effects of Judet Quadricepsplasty in the Treatment of Post-traumatic Extension Contracture of the Knee.

Objective: To investigate the clinical outcomes and the affecting factors of Judet's quadricepsplasty on the stiffness of post-traumatic knee flexion.

Methods: A retrospective survey was analyzed from June 2015 to October 2018. A total of 15 patients (eight males, seven females; mean age, 48.

Effects of Diet Induced Weight Reduction on Cartilage Pathology and Inflammatory Mediators in the Joint Tissues.

Obesogenic diets contribute to the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) by altering systemic and local metabolic inflammation. Yet, it remains unclear how quickly and reproducibly the body responds to weight loss strategies and improve OA. In this study we tested whether switching obese diet to a normal chow diet can mitigate the detrimental effects of inflammatory pathways that contribute to OA pathology.

Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Release Exosomes That Promote Cartilage Degeneration.

Altered subchondral bone and articular cartilage interactions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA); however, the mechanisms remain unknown. Exosomes are membrane-derived vesicles that have recently been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. Herein, we investigated if OA subchondral bone derived exosomes alter transcriptional and bioenergetic signatures of chondrocytes.

Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in unilateral major revision total hip arthroplasty.

Background: The risk of blood loss differs among subtypes of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), and different tranexamic acid (TXA) protocols have rarely been studied in those conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous and intravenous plus topical TXA in a subtype of revision THA.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 91 patients who underwent unilateral major revision THA from 2010 to 2018.

TNF-α regulates the early development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head by mediating osteoblast autophagy and apoptosis via the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Previous studies have shown that the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum and bone tissues formed in avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) patients were higher than those of normal individuals, indicating TNF-α might play a role in the pathogenesis of ANFH. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to show the pathological changes of ANFH bone tissues.

MicroRNA-375 exacerbates knee osteoarthritis through repressing chondrocyte autophagy by targeting ATG2B.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of miR-375 in exacerbating osteoarthritis (OA).

Results: MiR-375 expression were upregulated in OA cartilage tissues, whereas ATG2B expression was decreased. MiR-375 targeted ATG2B 3' UTR and inhibited its expression in the chondrocytes, and then suppressed autophagy and promoted endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs).

Extracellular vesicles: Potential role in osteoarthritis regenerative medicine.

Unlabelled: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent whole joint disease characterised by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis and bone remodelling, and synovium inflammation, leading to pain, deformity, and cartilage dysfunction. Currently, there is no appropriate therapy for OA, and available treatments simply aim to reduce pain and swelling. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cells, receiving increasing interest because of their effect in cell-to-cell communication.

Oxygen embolism after hydrogen peroxide irrigation during hip arthroscopy: a case report.

Background: Hydrogen peroxide has been widely used in Orthopaedics including Orthopaedic oncology, trauma and joint surgeries. However, we encountered an oxygen embolism and myoglobinuria after hydrogen peroxide was used to irrigate a septic hip arthroscopically.

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old male patient with right hip septic arthritis underwent an arthroscopic hip washout and debridement.

Association of global DNA hypomethylation with post-operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.

Background: Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline of cognitive status that commonly occurs after surgery in elderly patients. Whether DNA methylation is associated with the development of POCD remains unclear.

Methods: Subjects (N = 124) older than 65 years-of-age undergoing hip replacement surgery were enrolled.

lnc-SAMD14-4 can regulate expression of the COL1A1 and COL1A2 in human chondrocytes.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common motor system disease in aging people, characterized by matrix degradation, chondrocyte death, and osteophyte formation. OA etiology is unclear, but long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that participate in numerous pathological and physiological processes may be key regulators in the onset and development of OA. Because profiling of lncRNAs and their biological function in OA is not understood, we measured lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles using high-throughput microarray to study human knee OA.

Exosomes Extraction and Identification.

Exosomes are small endosome-derived lipid nanoparticles (50-120 nm in diameter), actively secreted by exocytosis in most living cells. Recently, there is a growing interest of research focused on studying the exosome functions and to understand ways to use them for therapeutic applications in a wide variety of disorders, such as cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and musculoskeletal diseases. Recently, a number of techniques have been developed for the isolation of exosomes such as ultracentrifugation, micro-filtration centrifugation, gradient centrifugation, and size-exclusion chromatography.

MicroRNA-29a suppresses the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells by regulating the SOCS1/NF-κB signalling pathway through negatively targeting DNMT3B.

The present study aimed to investigate the roles of the microRNA‑29a/DNA methyltransferase 3B/suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (miR‑29a/DNMT3B/SOCS1) axis in the invasion and the migration of osteosarcoma (OS). The expression levels of miR‑29a, DNMT3B and SOCS1 were determined in tissue samples and OS cell lines by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry analysis.

Retraction: Differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in osteoblasts in osteoarthritis [Journal of Central South University. Medical Science, 2018, 43(12):1294-1300. DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.003].

The article entitled "Differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in osteoblasts in osteoarthritis" published on Journal of Central South University (Medical Science), in Volume 43, Issue 12, 2018 (DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.

Pro-resolving lipid mediator ameliorates obesity induced osteoarthritis by regulating synovial macrophage polarisation.

Non-resolved persistent macrophage-mediated synovial inflammation is considered as one of the main drivers of both the establishment and progression of obesity-associated osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we used clodronate-loaded liposomes (CL) to locally deplete macrophages in the synovial joints to examine the role of macrophages in the progression of obesity-induced OA. Furthermore, resolvin D1 (RvD1), a unique family of pro-resolving lipid mediator derived from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, have shown marked potency in changing the pro-inflammatory behaviour of the macrophages.