The potential high-risk population for lung cancer screening: determination of initial screening age and heterogeneity in histology and sex.

Background: In 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force expanded the initial age for lung cancer screening from 55 to 50 years, which other associations have not followed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficiary age range for lung cancer screening and assess the potential heterogeneity in tumor histology and patient sex.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2011 and 2016 were included.

Insights into the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma through single-cell transcriptomic analysis: Implications for distinct immunotherapy outcomes.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a key strategy to the therapy landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, notable differences in immunotherapeutic outcomes exist between the two primary NSCLC subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). This disparity may stem from the tumor immune microenvironment's heterogeneity at the transcriptome level.

Down-regulated HHLA2 enhances neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Background: Emerging data suggested a favorable outcome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated by immunotherapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy among NSCLC with COPD versus NSCLC without COPD and explore the potential mechanistic links.

Patients And Methods: Patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy and surgery at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between November 2020 and January 2023 were reviewed.

MAIT cells are associated with responsiveness to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in COPD-associated NSCLC.

Background: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience worse clinical outcomes but respond better to immunotherapy than patients with NSCLC without COPD. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a versatile population of innate immune T lymphocytes, have a crucial function in the response to infection and tumors. This study investigated the distribution of MAIT cells in COPD-associated NSCLC and their involvement in the immune response.

Modified Skin Incision and Location of Burr-Hole Surgery via a Retrosigmoid Approach: An Anatomical Study.

 This study aims to reduce the tissue damage during craniotomy with retrosigmoid approach. A modified sickle-shaped skin incision was developed, and a new burr-hole positioning method was proposed.  Five adult cadaveric heads (10 sides) were used in this study.

Transmastoid Trautman's Triangle Combined Low Retrosigmoid Approach for Foramen Magnum Meningiomas: Surgical Anatomy and Technical Note.

 This study was aimed to assess the potential of utilizing a transmastoid Trautman's triangle combined low retrosigmoid approach for ventral and ventrolateral foramen magnum meningiomas (FMMs) surgical treatment.  We simulated this transmastoid Trautman's triangle combined low retrosigmoid approach using five adult cadaveric heads to explore the associated anatomy in a step-by-step fashion, taking pictures of key positions as appropriate. We then employed this approach in a single overweight patient with a short neck who was suffering from large ventral FMMs and cerebellar tonsillar herniation.

The endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach to the paramedian middle cranial base: An anatomical study.

Background: Endoscopic endonasal approach to paramedian cranial base implies sacrifice of the nasal structures.

Objective: The present study aimed to illustrate the anatomy and provide critical anatomical landmarks for the endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA) to the paramedian middle cranial base.

Methods: Anatomical dissections were performed in 10 cadaveric specimens.

Stratifin promotes renal dysfunction in ischemic and nephrotoxic AKI mouse models via enhancing RIPK3-mediated necroptosis.

Stratifin (SFN) is a member of the 14-3-3 family of highly conserved soluble acidic proteins, which regulates a variety of cellular activities such as cell cycle, cell growth and development, cell survival and death, and gene transcription. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent disorder characterized by inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death in renal tubular epithelial cells, but there is still a lack of effective therapeutic target for AKI. In this study, we investigated the role of SFN in AKI and the underlying mechanisms.

Anatomical localization of horizontal segment of the petrous internal carotid artery in transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery.

Objective: To discuss the localization of horizontal segment of petrous internal carotid artery in transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery, and to provide anatomical data for clinical surgery.

Methods: The horizontal segment of the petrous internal carotid artery of 5 adult cadaveric heads were exposed by endoscopic transnasal and microscopic open approaches respectively, and the relevant data and images were measured and collected.

Results: The medial wall of the foramen spinosum is the lateral wall of the isthmus of the eustachian tube, and the thickness of the bone is 0.

Knockdown of the long noncoding RNA XIST suppresses glioma progression by upregulating miR-204-5p.

: Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Our previous study showed that miR-204-5p is a tumor suppressor gene in glioma. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is a potential target gene of miR-204-5p.

miR-152 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of chordoma cells by targeting .

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that affect the expression of their target genes by binding to the 3′-untranslated region. miR-152 has been identified as a critical modulator in tumorigenesis, but its role in chordoma has not been explored. We therefore investigated the role of miR-152 in regulating chordoma cell behavior, and examined the downstream effectors of miR-152.

The anatomy of the parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery for endoscopic endonasal approach.

Injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a life-threatening complication of endoscopic endonasal approaches. The objective of this study is to illustrate the detail anatomy of the parapharyngeal segment of the ICA (PPICA) to safe endoscopic endonasal surgery. The anatomical dissection was performed in 10 cadaveric specimens and several crucial anatomical landmarks were identified and measured.

A Microanatomical Study of the Far Lateral Approach.

Objective: The far-lateral approach (FLA) remains a challenge for neurosurgeons due to the complex anatomy of this region, especially in patients with anatomical variations. There is therefore an urgent need for better quantitative knowledge of the microsurgical anatomy of the FLA.

Methods: The study was performed using the dried skulls and atlas vertebrae of 50 Chinese adults, in which significant clinical parameters were measured.