Anion-mediated approach to overcome oxidation in ether electrolytes for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries.

The ether-based electrolytes are acknowledged for their compatibility with a diverse array of sodium-ion battery anodes, as well as their capability to enable efficient and reversible electrochemical reactions. However, they encounter a challenge of oxidation at high voltages. We find that a standard diglyme-based electrolyte starts to oxidize and break down at voltages exceeding 3.

STAT1 mediates the pro-inflammatory role of GBP5 in colitis.

Previous studies establish guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5) as a driver in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we aim to elucidate the mechanism underlying the pro-inflammatory role of GBP5. We observe that loss of Gbp5 causes reduced colonic inflammation and decreased numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in colitis mice.

Multimodal Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Microbial InDels as Superior Biomarkers for Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: The gut microbiome is closely associated with pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), while the multidimensional microbial signature and their capabilities for distinguishing pediatric CD are underexplored. This study aims to characterize the microbial alterations in pediatric CD and develop a robust classification model.

Methods: A total of 1,175 fecal metagenomic sequencing samples, predominantly from three cohorts of pediatric CD patients, were re-analyzed from raw sequencing data using uniform process pipelines to obtain multidimensional microbial alterations in pediatric CD, including taxonomic profiles, functional profiles, and multi-type genetic variants.

Robust Peptide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles via Ethynyl Bonding for High-Fidelity Bioanalytical Applications.

While Au-S bonds have been widely applied in preparing gold nanoparticle (AuNP) bioconjugates for biosensing, cell imaging, and biomedical research, biothiols in complex biological environments can seriously interfere with the stability of the conjugates due to ligand exchange. Herein, we communicate a robust and fast strategy for constructing peptide-functionalized AuNP conjugates (PFCs) using the Au-C≡C bond, which can be completed within two minutes. The resulting Au-C≡C PFCs exhibited better stability and resistance to biothiols than the corresponding Au-S PFCs, and also demonstrated excellent stability in high salt concentration, a wide range of pH values, and varying temperatures.

Rubiadin Mediates the Upregulation of Hepatic Hepcidin and Alleviates Iron Overload via BMP6/SMAD1/5/9-Signaling Pathway.

Iron overload disease is characterized by the excessive accumulation of iron in the body. To better alleviate iron overload, there is an urgent need for safe and effective small molecule compounds. Rubiadin, the active ingredient derived from the Chinese herb Prismatomeris tetrandra, possesses notable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties.

Differential Regulation of miRNA and Protein Profiles in Human Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via Continuous Aerobic and High-Intensity Interval Training.

Both continuous aerobic training (CAT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are recommended to promote health and prevent diseases. Exercise-induced circulating extracellular vesicles (EX-EVs) have been suggested to play essential roles in mediating organ crosstalk, but corresponding molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To assess and compare the systemic effects of CAT and HIIT, five healthy male volunteers were assigned to HIIT and CAT, with a 7-day interval between sessions.

Multi-omics reveals immune response and metabolic profiles during high-altitude mountaineering.

The physiological perturbations induced by high-altitude exposure in mountain climbers, manifesting as immunological and metabolic deviations, have been previously reported but are not fully understood. In this study, we obtain multi-omic profiles of climbers' blood samples, including single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 375,722 immune cells, and plasma metabolomics and lipidomics. Longitudinal analysis reveals dynamic immune response profiles, during the acclimatization period, characterized by the downregulation of inflammatory responses in myeloid cell subsets and by the enhancement of immune effector processes in cytotoxic CD8 T, γδT, and CD16 natural killer cells.

Shared Genes and Pathways in Ulcerative Colitis and Ankylosing Spondylitis: Functional Validation and Implications for Diagnosis.

Background: Associations between ulcerative colitis (UC) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have been reported in multiple studies, but the common etiologies of UC and AS remain unknown. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the shared genes and relevant mechanisms in UC and AS.

Methods: Using datasets for UC (GSE113079) and AS (GSE1797879), we initially identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through differential expression analysis.

ChatEMG: Synthetic Data Generation to Control a Robotic Hand Orthosis for Stroke.

Intent inferral on a hand orthosis for stroke patients is challenging due to the difficulty of data collection. Additionally, EMG signals exhibit significant variations across different conditions, sessions, and subjects, making it hard for classifiers to generalize. Traditional approaches require a large labeled dataset from the new condition, session, or subject to train intent classifiers; however, this data collection process is burdensome and time-consuming.

Systematic identification of secondary bile acid production genes in global microbiome.

Unlabelled: Microbial metabolism of bile acids (BAs) is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in vertebrate hosts and environments. Although certain organisms involved in bile acid metabolism have been identified, a global, comprehensive elucidation of the microbes, metabolic enzymes, and bile acid remains incomplete. To bridge this gap, we employed hidden Markov models to systematically search in a large-scale and high-quality search library comprising 28,813 RefSeq multi-kingdom microbial complete genomes, enabling us to construct a secondary bile acid production gene catalog.

Estimating global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly with overweight, obesity, and central obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: Previous studies have demonstrated that adiposity, particularly obesity during midlife, may have a detrimental effect on cognitive function. This study aims to estimate the global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in elderly aged 60 years or above with overweight, obesity, and central obesity.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 2023.

Improvement of Storage Quality of Broccoli Using a Cold-Shock Precooling Way and the Related Molecular Mechanisms.

This research was performed to ascertain the impact of cold shock precooling and the underlying mechanism on broccoli storage quality. After being harvested and placed at 0 ± 2 °C, the broccoli was sealed in polyethylene bags and stored at 4 ± 2 °C. Cold-shock precooling showed superior qualities in terms of higher hardness, titratable acidity, moisture content, soluble protein, and chlorophyll, as well as more abundant volatile compounds, better sensory quality, antioxidant capacity, and decreased weight loss in comparison to without cold shock.

Vapor-Solid Interface Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Use as Efficient Photocatalysts.

Harsh synthetic conditions for crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) and associated limitations on structural diversities impede not only further development of functional CTFs, but also practical large-scale synthesis. Herein, a mild and universal vapor-solid interface synthesis strategy is developed for highly crystalline CTFs employing trifluoromethanesulfonic acid vapor as catalysts. A series of highly ordered simple and functional CTFs (CTF-TJUs) can be facilely produced.

Research progress on the environmental risk assessment and remediation technologies of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil.

Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge. These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health. The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.

Bioinspired Hierarchical T Structures for Tunable Wettability and Droplet Manipulation by Facile and Scalable Nanoimprinting.

Developing surfaces that effectively repel low-surface-tension liquids with tunable adhesive properties remains a pivotal challenge. Micronano hierarchical re-entrant structures emerge as a promising solution, offering a robust structural defense against liquid penetration, minimizing area fraction, and creating narrow gaps that generate substantial upward Laplace pressure. However, the absence of an efficient, scalable, and tunable construction method has impeded their widespread applications.

Fluoxetine Rescues Excessive Myelin Formation and Psychological Behaviors in a Murine PTSD Model.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder notable for traumatic experience memory. Although current first-line treatments are linked with clinically important symptom reduction, a large proportion of patients retained to experience considerable residual symptoms, indicating pathogenic mechanism should be illustrated further. Recent studies reported that newly formed myelin could shape neural circuit function and be implicated in fear memory preservation.

Current Progress of Ferroptosis Study in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Ferroptosis, an emerging type of programmed cell death, is initiated by iron-dependent and excessive ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation, which eventually leads to plasma membrane rupture and cell death. Many canonical signalling pathways and biological processes are involved in ferroptosis. Furthermore, cancer cells are more susceptible to ferroptosis due to the high load of ROS and unique metabolic characteristics, including iron requirements.

Involvement of METTL3-mediated m6A methylation in the early development of porcine cloned embryos.

METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is critical for gametogenesis and early embryonic development. However, the function of METTL3-mediated m6A modification in the early development of somatic nuclear transfer embryos (SCNT) remains unclear. Here, we found that METTL3 mRNA and protein levels exhibit dynamic changes during the early development of porcine SCNT embryos.

Fitness effects of synthetic and natural diet preservatives on the edible insect Bombyx mori.

Silkworm pupae as widely consumed insect products are good biosources of protein and micronutrients. Silkworm rearing throughout the year can be achieved by feeding them an artificial diet instead of native plants, facilitating extensive pupa production. However, artificial diets are prone to spoilage caused by bacterial contamination.

Delivery of nanosecond laser pulses by multi-mode anti-resonant hollow core fiber at 1 µm wavelength.

In this paper we explore the application of low-loss multimode anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (MM-AR-HCF) in the delivery of nanosecond laser pulses at 1 µm wavelength. MM-AR-HCF with large core offers a rich content of low-loss higher-order modes which plays a key role in the efficient coupling and transmission of high-power laser of low beam quality. In the experiment, laser pulses of an average pulse energy of 21.

Programmable DNA Scaffolds Enable Orthogonal Engineering of Cell Membrane-Based Nanovesicles for Therapeutic Development.

Cell membrane-based nanovesicles (CMNVs) play pivotal roles in biomolecular transportation in living organisms and appear as attractive bioinformed nanomaterials for theranostic applications. However, the current surface-engineering technologies are limited in flexibility and orthogonality, making it challenging to simultaneously display multiple different ligands on the CMNV surface in a precisely controlled manner. Here, we developed a DNA scaffold-programmed approach to orthogonally engineer CMNVs with versatile ligands.

Hunnivirus structural protein VP2 inhibits beta interferon production by targeting the IRF3 essential modulator.

Water buffalo Hunnivirus (BufHuV) belongs to the family Picornaviridae and is a newly discovered member of the Hunnivirus A genus. It causes intestinal diseases in cattle, mainly lead to subclinical infections, thereby seriously threatening the health of cattle herds. In addition, it can also bring about various clinical disease syndromes which results in severe economic losses to the cattle industry.

CircHIRA sponges miR-196b-5p to promote porcine early embryonic development.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is abundantly expressed in preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cells in mice and humans. However, its function and mechanism in early development of mammalian embryos remain unclear. Here, we showed that circHIRA mediated miR-196b-5p to regulate porcine early embryonic development.